Tamoxifen is a Protein Kinase C inhibitor. It induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines. Tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen are selective estrogen response modifiers (SERMs) that act as estrogen antagonists in mammary gland. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in…

β-estradiol is a potent mammalian estrogenic hormone produced by the ovary. Triggers the production of gonadotropins leading to ovulation. β-Estradiol is used to study cell differentiation and transformations (tumorigenicity). The pharmacology and HPLC determination of β-Estradiol…

Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Amikacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Amikacin must be given by the…

Cefsulodin is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic that has very specific activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has no significant activity against other Gram-negative bacteria and very limited activity against Gram-positive bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. Cefuslodin is most…

Vancomycin inhibits bacterial mucopeptide biosynthesis. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that blocks bacterial cell wall biosynthesis at the level of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. It inhibits incorporation of terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine moieties of the NAM/NAG-peptides. It is effective against…

Etoposide is an important chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat a wide spectrum of human cancers. It also belongs to the drug type plant alkaloid. The primary cytotoxic target for etoposide is topoisomerase II. This ubiquitous enzyme regulates DNA under- and overwinding, and removes knots…

Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin K1 is used as a cofactor in the formation of coagulation factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX and X; anticoagulant factors protein C and S and as a cell signaling factor.

Coenzyme A is an essential cofactor in enzymatic acetyl transfer reactions. Facilitates removal of lipid peroxides by increasing mobilization of fatty acids Promote repair of plasma membranes by activating phospholipid synthesis The principal biologically active forms of pantothenic…

Bumetanide has been used to probe the role of prostaglandin E2 in the regulation of chloride secretion across porcine endometrial epithelial cells.

Rifamycin SV is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic antimicrobial agent of the rifamycin group. Rifamycin SV is used to study potential genes, such as rif15 and rif16, which may be involved in the conversion of rifamycin SV into rifamycin B. It is a potential treatment for traveler’s diarrhea…

5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine is a thymidine analog and useful for the study of DNA synthesis where it is incorporated into DNA in place of thymidine. Measure DNA synthesis Label dividing cells Study cell signaling and processes that induce cell proliferation Used as a mutagen in…

G418 is an aminoglycoside related to Gentamicin and is toxic to bacteria, yeast, higher plants, mammalian cells, protozoans and helminths. It blocks polypeptide synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is useful for selection of genetically engineered eukarytoic cells in culture.

Naloxone is specific and competitive opiate antagonist at mu, kappa, delta and sigma receptors; it blocks the action of sigma-agonists at opioid sites. It displaces morphine and other opiate agonists from the opiate receptor. It is more potent than Nalorphine and is also an effective antagonist for…

Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic, it is a mixture of cyclic polypeptides colistin A and B. Colistin is effective against most Gram-negative bacilli and is used as a polypeptide antibiotic. Colistin sulfate is used to permeabilize bacterial cell membranes and to study mannose-resistant…

Pure Canavalia ensiformis lectin (Con A) from Jackbean. Isolated by affinity chromatography on cross-linked dextran. Con A exists as a dimer below pH 5.0 and and at pH >7 it exists as a tetramer. Con-A is not a glycoprotein. The monomeric molecular weight of Con-A is 25,500. Con-A does not…

N-Acetyl-ß-D-mannosamine hydrate is used as a substrate to identify, differentiate and characterize enzymes such as N-acetyl-glucosamine epimerase(s) and aldolase(s). N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine is used for the synthesis of of N-acetylneuraminic acid.

β-NADP is a coenzyme necessary for the alcoholic fermentation of glucose and the oxidative dehydrogenation of other substances. It occurs widely in living tissue, especially in the liver. Nicotinic acid can be converted to nicotinamide in the body and, in this form, is found as a component of…

Broad spectrum nucleoside antibiotic. Inhibits protein synthesis in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Suitable for selection of cells carrying plasmids conferring blasticidin resistance. Blasticidin S inhibits hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNA induced by release factors. It enhances the binding of…

Heparin is a polymer classified as a mucopolysaccharide or a glycosoaminoglycan. It is biosynthesized and stored in mast cells of various mammalian tissues, particularly liver, lung and mucosa. It is made up of repeated disaccharide units consisting of 1,4-linked L-iduronic acid and D-glucosamine.…

Albumins are a group of simple proteins found in the body fluids and tissues of animals and in some plant seeds. Unlike globulins, albumins have low molecular weights, are soluble in water, are easily crystallized and contain an excess of acidic amino acids. Serum and plasma albumin is…

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) refers to a group of chemically-related cobalt containing molecules involved in cell processes such as DNA synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, energy production and regulation. The physiologically active forms of vitamin B12 include methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin,…

Aprotinin is a protein consisting of 58 amino acids, arranged in a single polypeptide chain that is crosslinked by three disulfide bridges. Aprotinin is found in bovine lymph nodes, lung, parotid gland, spleen, liver, pancreas, seminal vesicles, thyroid gland, kidney, mucous membranes of the…

A water-soluble bacteriolytic antibiotic in the carboxypenicillin group. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria. Inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis (peptidoglycan cross-linking) by inactivating transpeptidases on the inner surface of the bacterial cell membrane.

Fetuin is a protein containing 12 Cys residues, all involved in disulfide bridges. The composition of bovine fetuin (weight %) is polypeptide 74%, hexose 8.3%, hexosamines 5.5%, and sialic acid 8.7%. Fetuin bovine is a protein with the ability to bind to the insulin receptor and inhibit insulin…

Vitamin D3 is the naturally occuring form of vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 mediates intestinal calcium absorption, bone metabolism, and probably muscle activity. It acts as a hormone precursor since it requires two stages of metabolism: first to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; then to 1 ,…

IPTG (isopropyl-β-thiogalactoside) is an analogue of allolactose that binds specifically to the repressor protein of the lac operon and induces expression of β-galactosidase in Escherichia coli. IPTG is a commonly used reagent in cloning procedures that require induction of…

Aprotinin is a single chain polypeptide (58 amino-acids) crosslinked by three disulfide bridges, showing competitive and reversible inhibiton of proteolytic and esterolytic activity. Aprotinin forms stable complexes with, and blocks the active sites of serine protease enzymes. It is found in bovine…

Norethindrone is a synthetic progestin that possesses antiestrogenic effects, where in low doses it is progestational and in high doses it is antiestrogenic. It also causes a time-dependent loss of cytochrome P-450 when incubated in vitro with rat liver microsomal fractions and NADPH-generating…

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist isolated from Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica. Nicotine Tartrate finds an application as the nicotine active in a wide range of smoking cessation products such as nicotine lozenges and nicotine sub-lingual tablets. (-)-Nicotine ditartrate is a…

Ribonuclease belongs to pancreatic ribonuclease family. RNase A is an endoribonuclease that attacks at the 3¢ phosphate of a pyrimidine nucleotide. The sequence of pG-pG-pC-pA-pG will be cleaved to give pG-pG-pCp and A-pG. Ribonuclease A is used to remove RNA from DNA plasmid preparations…

n-Octyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside is a non-ionic detergent for membrane protein. n-Octyl-glucoside is a non-ionic alkyl-glucoside detergent commonly used in the solubilization of membrane proteins and phospholipids. n-Octyl-glucoside has been used at a molar dependant ratios for the…