o-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside (ONPG) is a colorimetric substrate for b-galactosidase. This product is hydrolyzed to o-nitrophenol by the enzyme. o-Nitrophenol is yellow in alkaline solution and can be quantitated at 410-420 nm 2 . o-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside is a cell culture…

Doxycycline is an antibiotic  against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. More active biologically than the corresponding 6b-epimer hydrochloride. Derivative of oxytetracycline. A broad spectrum inhibitor used to inhibit matrix metallo-proteinases (MMP) such as type 1 collagenase in…

Adenosine is a purine nucleoside comprising a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule moiety via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. It plays an important role in energy transfer. It is an endogenous purine nucleoside that modulates physiological process wherein cellular signaling by…

Tetracyline inhibits gram-positive, gram-negative and mycoplasma. It is used in tetracycline controlled gene expression systems (gene switches) such as the tet-on and tet-off systems. It is also used to select tetracyline resistant colonies in cell culture.

Bromocresol purple binds quantitatively with human serum albumin forming a stable complex with absorbance maximum at 600 nm. The intensity of the color produced is directly proportional to the albumin concentration in the sample. Bromocresol Purple is used as a pH indicator (5.2-6.8 : yellow to…

Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related to the aminoglycosides, it inhibits protein synthesis (elongation) by interfering with peptidyl tRNA translocation. Mutation in rpsE (the gene for ribosomal protein S5) prevents binding of spectinomycin. Specinomycin is used in cell…

Chicken egg albumin is the major protein constituent of egg whites. Chicken egg albumin is a phosphorylated-glycoprotein. From the amino acid sequence, the peptide portion of the molecule consists of 385 residues and has a molecular weight of 42.7 kDa. A phosphorylated glycoprotein which is…

Sodium pyruvate is utilized as a component in culture broth and media. The use of sodium pyruvate in Wallen fermentation medium to enhance the conversion of oleic acid to 10-ketostearic acid by Bacillus sphaericus has been described. A protocol that uses sodium pyruvate to establish stably…

Spermidine is biogenic polyamine formed from putrescine, a precursor of spermine. Spermidine has a role in cell growth processes and the formation and interconversion of spermidine in mammalian cells has been reported. Spermidine binds to and activates NMDA(N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor) and has…

Triolein is a symmetrical triglyceride. Triolein is used as a substrate for microbial lipases.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a polynucleotide. It is an essential component of chromosomes in cell nuclei. It is the carrier of genetic material. It contains information in chemical code to direct the development of the cell according to its inheritance. The purine and pyrimidine bases of the…

Nalidixic acid sodium salt is an antibacterial agent (synthetic quinolone antibiotic), which is inhibitor of bacterial DNA polymerase (DNA gyrase) & avian myeloblastoma virus reverse transcriptase. Inhibits nucleic acid and protein synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Typically used at a…

Cycloheximide is an antibiotic which is very active against many molds, yeasts, and phytopathogenic fungi. Inhibits peptide synthesis in eukaryotic organisms Used in protein synthesis in apoptosis Study of disease resistance in plant research Cycloheximide (CHX) is an antibiotic…

L-Cysteine is a sulfur containing amino acid that is closely related to Cystine. Naturally occurring non-essential amino acid Used to manufacture L-glutathione and L-taurine NMDA glutamatergic receprot agonist L-cysteine is used in producing antioxidants. It also promotes healing…

Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin, active as a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is inactivated by beta-lactamases and for this reason a beta-lactamase inhibitor should be considered when using ampicillin. Against gram-positive bacteria, ampicillin has a similar mode of action as…

Chromium potassium sulfate is the potassium double sulfate of chromium. Chromium alum is used in the tanning of leather. It was also used in gelatine emulsions in photographic film as hardener.

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common, naturally-occurring, plant growth regulator - as a principal auxin of higher plants. It is the best known of the auxins, and has been the subject of extensive studies by plant physiologists. Chemically, IAA is a carboxylic acid in which the carboxyl…

Putrescine is a biogenic polyamine and precursor of spermidine. It is formed via decarboxylation of ornithine or by decarboxylation of arginine followed by hydrolysis. Binds to the polyamine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor and potentiates NMDA-induced currents; precursor of spermidine.

Alcian Blue 8GX is a cationic dye used to quantitatively determine glycosaminoglycans by forming insoluble complexes in solution. Alcian Blue 8GX can be used to determine proteins based on their Resonance Light Scattering by strongly enhancing the signals. It is useful as a bacterial stain, and as…

Adenosine 5′-diphosphate is a P2Y receptor agonist. Adenosine 5′-diphosphate has been used to study the release, neuronal effects and removal of extracellular β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD+) in the rat brain. Adenosine 5′-diphosphate has also been used to…

Streptomycin Sulfate is an aminoglucoside antibiotic in which streptidine is linked glycosidically to the disaccharide streptobiosamine. Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis Gram positive bacteria Gram negative bacteria Mode of Action: Inhibits prokaryote protein synthesis. Binds to…

β-Mercaptoethylamine is a useful antioxidant .It is experimentally used as a radioprotective agent and It is also used to produce acute and chronic duodenal ulcers in rats and as an antidote to acetaminophen. β-Mercaptoethylamine derived from cysteine degradation is the simplest stable…

Tetracycline is a broad spectrum polyketide antibiotic with clinical uses in treating bacterial infections such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typush fever, tick fevers, Q fever, and Brill-Zinsser disease and to treat upper respiratory infections and acne. It has been used in studies of multidrug…

N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine(GalNAc), an aminosugar, is a component of many O-linked and N-linked glycan structures. Intial O-linked sugar to many serine and threonine residues in protein glycosylations.

Tamoxifen is a Protein Kinase C inhibitor. It induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines. Tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen are selective estrogen response modifiers (SERMs) that act as estrogen antagonists in mammary gland. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in…

D-Biotin is a growth factor present in small amounts in every living cell. Involved in carboxylation reactions Occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides Abundant in the liver, kideny, pancreas, yeast, and milk Levels are higher in cancerous tumors than in normal tissues …

Chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate is an analytical reagent. Chloroplatinic acid is used in potassium determination, purification of platinum and in catalysis.

Calcein is used as an indicator for the determination of calcium by titration with EDTA. Suitable for fluorometric determination of calcium. Calcein does not fluoresce in strong alkaline solution, but an intense fluorescence appears in the presence of alkaline earths, especially calcium. The…

Physiological chelating agent for heavy metals. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson′s disease. It is used as a copper chelator to form mixed disulfides with cysteine or other sulfide media components. It is used to inactivate protein-1 DNA binding and to…

Albumins are a group of acidic proteins which occur in the body fluids and tissues of mammals and in some plant seeds. Serum and plasma albumin is carbohydrate free and comprises 55-62% of the protein present. However, only about 40% of the total albumin in the body is in the circulating plasma at…

Protamine sulfate is a purified mixture of simple protein principles obtained from the sperm or testes of suitable species of fish, which has the property of neutralizing heparin. Because of having much basic amino acids (mostly arginine) protamine contains far greater nitrogen than other proteins.…

Coomassie Blue R-250 is a triphenylmethane dye used extensively in SDS-PAGE for the analysis of proteins. Brilliant Blue R has been used for many years for staining proteins on polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. Improvement of sensitivity and background have been accomplished using Brilliant…