Spermidine is biogenic polyamine formed from putrescine, a precursor of spermine. Spermidine has a role in cell growth processes and the formation and interconversion of spermidine in mammalian cells has been reported. Spermidine binds to and activates NMDA(N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor) and has…

Vitamin D3 is the naturally occuring form of vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 mediates intestinal calcium absorption, bone metabolism, and probably muscle activity. It acts as a hormone precursor since it requires two stages of metabolism: first to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; then to 1 ,…

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) refers to a group of chemically-related cobalt containing molecules involved in cell processes such as DNA synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, energy production and regulation. The physiologically active forms of vitamin B12 include methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin,…

p-Aminobenzoic acid is an organic compound used in the treatment of fibrotic skin disorders like Peyronie's disease. It is employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of folate (Vitamin BX), azo dyes and cross linking agents. It is also useful in biomedical sector for the preparation of local…

2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride is a redox indicator. In the TTC assay (also known as TTC test or tetrazolium test), TTC is used to differentiate between metabolically active and inactive tissues. The white compound is enzymatically reduced to red TPF (1,3,5-triphenylformazan) in living tissues…

n-Octyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside is a non-ionic detergent for membrane protein. n-Octyl-glucoside is a non-ionic alkyl-glucoside detergent commonly used in the solubilization of membrane proteins and phospholipids. n-Octyl-glucoside has been used at a molar dependant ratios for the…

Rifamycin SV is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic antimicrobial agent of the rifamycin group. Rifamycin SV is used to study potential genes, such as rif15 and rif16, which may be involved in the conversion of rifamycin SV into rifamycin B. It is a potential treatment for traveler’s diarrhea…

β-NAD is one of the biologically active forms of nicotinic acid. Coenzyme of the dehydrogenases, especially in the dehydrogenation of primary and secondary alcohols Inhibitory neurotransmitter in visceral smooth muscle Acts as a hydrogen acceptor, forming NADH …

Collagenase is a protease which cleaves the triple-helical protein called collagen. There are three types of tissue collagenases, and these belong to the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) family. Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum has extensive use in biological studies, where it is used to…

Collagenases degrade native helical collagen fibrils. The substrate, collagen, is the major fibrous component of animal extracellular connective tissue: skin, tendon, blood vessels, bone, etc. True collagenase may cleave simultaneously across all three chains or attack a single strand. The enzyme…

5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine is a thymidine analog and useful for the study of DNA synthesis where it is incorporated into DNA in place of thymidine. Measure DNA synthesis Label dividing cells Study cell signaling and processes that induce cell proliferation Used as a mutagen in…

Cresyl violet acetate is a high purity biological stain to used for Nissl staining of spinal cord and brain paraffin sections and to stain mast cell and cartilage granules. Cresyl violet acetate is used for staining neve tissue and nerve cells and fresh turmor tissue for biopsy.

Albumins are a group of simple proteins found in the body fluids and tissues of animals and in some plant seeds. Unlike globulins, albumins have low molecular weights, are soluble in water, are easily crystallized and contain an excess of acidic amino acids. Serum and plasma albumin is…

2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-Cyclodextrin are non-toxic solubilizers. The solubility of drugs increases linearly with the concentration of 2-Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin in aqueous buffer. The formation of drug/cyclodextrin complexes is a rapidly reversible reaction and complexes exist both in solution and…

Spectinomycin sulfate is an antibiotic which binds to the 30S subunit to cause misreading. Spectinomycin sulfate is a broad spectrum antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis (elongation) by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and interfering with peptidyl tRNA translocation.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist isolated from Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica. Nicotine Tartrate finds an application as the nicotine active in a wide range of smoking cessation products such as nicotine lozenges and nicotine sub-lingual tablets. (-)-Nicotine ditartrate is a…

Hyaluronidase is a glycoprotein containing 5% mannose and 2.17% glucosamine, it catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between 2-acetamido- 2-deoxy- b-D-glucose and D-glucose residues in hyaluronate. Hyaluronidase from bovine testes is a tetramer consisting of 4 equal subunits with a…

D-Biotin is a growth factor present in small amounts in every living cell. It is involved in naturally occurring carboxylation reactions. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides. It is more abundant in the liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast and milk. Biotin levels are higher in cancerous…

D-Biotin is a growth factor present in small amounts in every living cell. Involved in carboxylation reactions Occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides Abundant in the liver, kideny, pancreas, yeast, and milk Levels are higher in cancerous tumors than in normal tissues …

Phenazine ethosulfate is an intermediate which is used to detect nitric oxide reducatase activity in concert with ascorbic acid.

Lactase is an enzyme preparation produced by Aspergillus oryzae fermentation. Hydrolyzes Lactose Produces β-D-Galactose and a-D-Glucose One unit will hydrolyze 1.0 µmole of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside to o-nitrophenol per minute at pH 4.5 and 30°C …

Oleic acid is a mono-unsaturated omega-9 fatty acid created by dehydrogenation of stearic acid. It is then further dehydrogenated and elongated to create members of the n-9 family of fatty acids. Oleic acid is used as emollient. Small amounts of oleic acid are used as an excipient in…

β-NADP is a coenzyme necessary for the alcoholic fermentation of glucose and the oxidative dehydrogenation of other substances. It occurs widely in living tissue, especially in the liver. Nicotinic acid can be converted to nicotinamide in the body and, in this form, is found as a component of…

β-estradiol is a potent mammalian estrogenic hormone produced by the ovary. Triggers the production of gonadotropins leading to ovulation. β-Estradiol is used to study cell differentiation and transformations (tumorigenicity). The pharmacology and HPLC determination of β-Estradiol…

Cycloheximide is an antibiotic which is very active against many molds, yeasts, and phytopathogenic fungi. Inhibits peptide synthesis in eukaryotic organisms Used in protein synthesis in apoptosis Study of disease resistance in plant research Cycloheximide (CHX) is an antibiotic…

Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a polynucleotide. It is an essential component of chromosomes in cell nuclei. It is the carrier of genetic material. It contains information in chemical code to direct the development of the cell according to its inheritance. The purine and pyrimidine bases of the…

Papain is a sulfhydryl protease from Carica papaya latex. Cleaves peptide bonds of basic amino acids, leucine, or glycine Hydrolyzes esters and amides One unit will hydrolyze 1.0 µmole of N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) per minute at 25°C and pH 6.2 Papain…

Guanosine-5'-triphosphate, a purine nucleotide, is required as a coenzyme for protein biosynthesis in a cell-free system. Guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP), a purine trinucleotide, is a substrate for RNA polymerases and a wide range of GTPase including G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)…

Fetuin is a protein containing 12 Cys residues, all involved in disulfide bridges. The composition of bovine fetuin (weight %) is polypeptide 74%, hexose 8.3%, hexosamines 5.5%, and sialic acid 8.7%. Fetuin bovine is a protein with the ability to bind to the insulin receptor and inhibit insulin…

Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related to the aminoglycosides, it inhibits protein synthesis (elongation) by interfering with peptidyl tRNA translocation. Mutation in rpsE (the gene for ribosomal protein S5) prevents binding of spectinomycin. Specinomycin is used in cell…

Tamoxifen is a Protein Kinase C inhibitor. It induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines. Tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen are selective estrogen response modifiers (SERMs) that act as estrogen antagonists in mammary gland. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in…

β-NAD is one of the biologically active forms of nicotinic acid. Occurs in living cells, primarily in the oxidized state Coenzyme for dehydrogenases NAD usually acts as a hydrogen acceptor, forming NADH Major electron acceptor molecule in biological oxidations. Acts as a…