PMA activates Ca2+- ATPase and potentiates forskolin-induced cAMP formation. It has been shown to inhibit apoptosis induced by the Fas antigen, but PMA induces apoptosis in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells.

Catalase, Fungal suspension from from Aspergillus niger is long-acting, extremely stable form of catalase that is active over a wide pH range. Composed of four protein subunits Each subunit contains a heme group bound to its active site Catalase is used for the removal of peroxides,…

Papain is a sulfhydryl protease from Carica papaya latex. Cleaves peptide bonds of basic amino acids, leucine, or glycine Hydrolyzes esters and amides One unit will hydrolyze 1.0 µmole of N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) per minute at 25°C and pH 6.2 Papain…

Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is one of the essential vitamins and is required for carbohydrate metabolism. Thiamine hydrochloride is used as a food-additive to add a brothy/meaty flavor to gravies or soups. It is also used as food supplement. Used in fluorometric determination of mercury.

Phosphoglucose Isomerase(PGI) is an enzyme crucial for the interconversion of D-glucose 6 phosphate and D-fructose 6-phosphate. Responsible for the second step of glycolysis Involved in glucogenesis Highly conserved in bacteria and eukaryotes Phosphoglucose Isomerase fuctions as an…

Iodoacetamide is a thiol reagent; alkylating reagent for cysteine and histidine residues in proteins. In the alkylation reaction, it reacts with histidine (such as in RNase), methionine and sulfhydryl groups of many proteins. Iodoacetamide can react with low molecular weight thiol compounds such as…

Collagenase is a protease which cleaves the triple-helical protein called collagen. There are three types of tissue collagenases, and these belong to the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) family. Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum has extensive use in biological studies, where it is used to…

5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine is a thymidine analog and useful for the study of DNA synthesis where it is incorporated into DNA in place of thymidine. Measure DNA synthesis Label dividing cells Study cell signaling and processes that induce cell proliferation Used as a mutagen in…

Collagenases degrade native helical collagen fibrils. Plays an important role in connective tissue metabolism Produced by specific cells involved in repairs and remodeling processes Type II enzyme that contains greater clostripain activity Collagenase is used for collagen…

Lysozyme (muramidase) hydrolyzes preferentially the β-1,4 glucosidic linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine which occur in the mucopeptide cell wall structure of certain microorganisms, such as Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Extracts group specific antigens …

Cholesterol Esterase is useful for enzymatic determination of total cholesterol when coupled with cholesterol oxidase in clinical analysis. Stored intracellularly as cholesterol esters Reversible enzyme Hydrolyzes and synthesizes fatty acid esters of cholesterol and other sterols …

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) was used as a model to test the effect of seed protein fractions on enzyme protection during dehydration. G-6-PDH has been utilized in assays for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and tissue pyridine nucleotides.

Collagenases degrade native helical collagen fibrils. It has an important role in connective tissue metabolism and is produced by specific cells involved in repairs and remodelling processes. Collagenase is used for tissue dissociation combined with other enzymes such as elastase, trypsin,…

Pectinase is a macerating enzyme comprised of pectintranseliminase, polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, xylanase, hemicellulases and cellulases. Pectinase is used in plant protoplast preparation to digest cell wall prior to organelle isolation. Pectinase causes random hydrolysis of…

Papain is a sulfhydryl protease from Carica papaya latex. (A second protease, chymopapain, and a lysozyme have also been isolated from this same source.) Since native crystalline papain is quite unreactive until acted upon by mild reducing agents such as cysteine or cyanide, it may exist as a…

Hyaluronidase is a glycoprotein containing 5% mannose and 2.17% glucosamine, it catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between 2-acetamido- 2-deoxy- b-D-glucose and D-glucose residues in hyaluronate. Hyaluronidase from bovine testes is a tetramer consisting of 4 equal subunits with a…

Elastase is an enzyme from the class of proteases (peptidases) that break down proteins. It hydrolyzes peptide bonds, especially those adjacent to neutral amino acids. Hydrolyses elastin Digests hemoglobin, casein, and fibrin One unit will solublize 1 mg of elastin in 20 minutes at…

Cellulase is used for protoplast preparations. This enzyme shows a very high filter paper decomposing activity, as well as, appreciable xylanase and hemicellulase activity. It is an effective enzyme for use with pectolyase Y-23 for plant cell wall removal. It has been used in a study to assess the…

Yeast lytic enzyme is used to digest the cell wall of active yeast cells. Yeast lytic enzyme is an enzyme preparation from a submerged culture of Arthrobacter luteus which effectively lyses cell walls of viable yeast cell. It is a lyophilized enzyme partially purified by affinity chromatography.…

2,2'-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic Acid) Solution is oxidized to a radical action showing absorption maxima at 820 nm, 734 nm, 650 nm and 405 nm, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and HRP. The latter frequency demonstrates a significant molar extinction coefficient and is…

α-Thrombin from Bovine Plasma is highly specific serine protease. Thrombin is the final coagulation protease in regard to hemostasis, promoting both procoagulant and anticoagulant effects. Thrombin is used for site specific cleavage of recombinant fusion proteins containing an accessible…

Acetyl-CoA is produced via beta-oxidation of fatty acids, via the metabolism of carbohydrates - glucose 6-phosphate to pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and via the catabolism of amino acids. Acetyl-CoA has a number of metabolic opportunities. It is metabolized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to produce…

Alkaline phosphatase is a hydrolase enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids. It is most effective in an alkaline environment. It is sometimes used synonymously as basic phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase is used…

Glucose oxidase is an FAD-containing glycoprotein. The enzyme is specific for β-D-glucose. O can be replaced by hydrogen acceptors such as 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol. Glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger is a dimer consisting of 2 equal subunits with a molecular mass of 80 kDa each. Each…

Cell permeable, potent and selective class IIb HDAC6 inhibitor (IC50 =3nM). Displays high selectivity over all other HDACs (IC50=0.03-20µM). Induces cellular alpha-tubulin, but not histone H3 hyperacetylation in Neuro-2a cells. Promotes mitochondrial transport. Shows improved kinetics and…

Pancreatin is a mixture of several digestive enzymes produced by the exocrine cells of the porcine pancreas and delivered to the small intestine for the hydrolysis of complex nutrients. It is a broad-spectrum protease composed of amylase, trypsin, lipase, ribonuclease and protease. Pancreatin…

AEBSF hydrochloride is a covalent binding serine protease inhibitor, belongs to the family of irreversible sulfonyl fluoride inhibitors that block trypsin and chymotrypsin-type enzymes. Similar in structure to the commonly used inhibitor PMSF, AEBSF offers better solubility in water, lower…

β-Mercaptoethylamine is a useful antioxidant .It is experimentally used as a radioprotective agent and It is also used to produce acute and chronic duodenal ulcers in rats and as an antidote to acetaminophen. β-Mercaptoethylamine derived from cysteine degradation is the simplest stable…

α-Amylase isolated from porcine pancreas is a glycoprotein. It is a single polypeptide chain of ~475 residues containing two SH groups and four disulfide bridges and a tightly bound Ca2+ necessary for stability. Chloride ions are necessary for activity and stability. α-Amylase is…

Biliverdin Dihydrochloride is a bile pigment component. An oxidized metabolite of bilirubin caused when bilirubin reacts with reactive oxygen species. Biliverdin IX is composed of alpha, beta, gamma and delta isomers. Biliverdin dihydrochloride was found responsible for cytoprotection. It was…

Aldehyde dehydrogenase belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. Aldehyde dehydrogenase oxidizes a number of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. Acetyl-GSH is not hydrolyzed. Aldehyde…