Sodium bicarbonate is broadly used as a physiological buffer in cell culture applications. The pKa for bicarbonate <-> carbonic acid reaction is 6.4 The pKa for bicarbonate <-> carbonate reaction is 10.3. Sodum bicarbonate has two pKas, 6.4 and 10.3. The compound can react with both…

Undecane is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon. Undecane may be used as an internal standard in gas chromatography when working with other hydrocarbons. Since the boiling point of undecane (196°C) is well known, it may be used as a comparison for retention times in a gas chromatograph for molecules…

SDS is an anionic detergent and wetting agent that is effective in both acid and alkaline solutions. Most proteins bind SDS in a ratio of 1.4 grams SDS to 1 gram protein. The charges intrinsic to the protein become insignificant compared to the overall negative charge provided by the bound SDS. The…

Acrylamide is prepared on an industrial scale by the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile by nitrile hydratase. Acrylamide is a monomer used in a variety of synthetic processes to form polymers and copolymers. It polymerizes in the presence of free radicals in aqueous solutions. It is usually used to…

L-Glutamine, the uncharged and amidated analog of L-glutamic acid, is an important amino acid for the incorporation of NH4+ into biomolecules. It is biosynthesized from NH4+ and glutamate via the enzyme glutamate synthetase. In turn, degradation of glutamine to free the ammonia moiety is mediated…

L-Arginine is one of the three amino acids with basic side chains, and is very hydrophilic in character. Contains a guanidino group in the side chain Biosynthesized in the kidneys Hydrolyzed to urea and ornithine by arginase Can be metabolized to glutamate L-Arginine plays an…

Trehalose is a natural alpha-linked non–reducing disaccharide formed by an α,α-1,1-glucoside bond between two α-glucose units which yields 2 moles of D-glucose upon acid hydrolysis. Has 90% of the calorific content of sucrose. Inhibits polyglutamine-mediated protein…

BES is a zwitterionic buffer that is used in biochemistry and molecular biology research in the pH range of 6.15 - 8.35 for wide applicability to biochemical studies. A protocol has been reported for the use of BES buffered saline in the calcium phosphate mediated transfection of eukaryotic cells…

Sodium Diatrizoate has been shown to cause partial redistribution of tight-junction-associated membrane proteins into a cytoplasmic compartment in cultured monolayer MDCK cells. Sodium diatrizoate is used as a density gradient reagent in blood cell separation. It has also been utilized as a…

Glycerol triacetate is used as a food additive and as a solvent in flavorings. It acts as an excipient in pharmaceutical products where it is used as a humectant and a plasticizer. It is also used as a fuel additive, as an antiknock agent, adhesives and sealant chemicals, fillers, intermediates and…

L-Proline is an amino acid. The conjugation of L-proline with imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL)-modified magnetic nanoparticles forms a catalyst that can be magnetically recovered and employed in direct asymmetric aldol reaction. The solubility and stability of ezetimibe (EZT) has been reported…

L-Serine is one of the two biological amino acids with a hydroxyl substituted side chain, and thus is hydrophilic in character. L-serine is used in the study of influence of pulsed applications of serine on polyglucose synthesis by Fusobacterium nucleatum cultures. Supplementation of minimal…

L-Pipecolic acid is a proline homolog and lysine metabolite. It occurs in seeds, malt, edible mushrooms, fruits, etc. Defects in its metabolism is involved in hyperpipecolic acidemia, cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome, neonatal onset adrenoleukodystrophy, and infantile Refsum disease. L-pipecolic…

Ribavarin is an antiviral compound reported to be active against RSV, HIV, HCV and other infectious agents. Its metabolite, ribavirin 5'-phosphate, inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP). It is also an analog of the imidazole nucleotide intermediates in purine nucleotide…

Isodesmosine is prepared according to the method of Starcher, et al. from hdrolyzed bovine neck ligament by solvent extraction and chromatography on Dowex 50.

Cholesteryl linoleate was cosonicated with cholesterol to prepare dispersions were prepared to study the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio in red blood cell membrane.It was used as HPLC standard in the analysis of rat liver lipoproteins. The most abundant cholesteryl ester in low density…

Spermidine is a biogenic polyamine formed from putrescine. Essential in both normal and neoplastic tissue growth Plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation Forms stable compounts with nucleic acids Inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase…

Used as a buffer in biological research. HEPPSO is an efficient separator in protein resolution by IEF. HEPPSO is a Zwitterionic hydrogen buffer.

Acetylcholine chloride is a cholinergic neurotransmitter that can induce the opening of calcium channels, as well as act on nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Opthalmological uses Broken down quickly by choliesterases Non-neuronal acteylcholine influences many basic cells…

DL-Threonine is an essential α - amino acid classified as polar which has two chiral centers. In plants and micro-organisms, threonine is synthesized from aspartic acid via aspartyl - semialdehyde and homoserine. DL-Threonine is as an additive to animal feed. They are also used to chelate…

Decane (n-Decane), an aliphatic hydrocarbon, is a reference fuel. Its oxidation over a range of temperature has been studied. Its crystal structure has been investigated at 150K. The cracking of decane can be performed using electrohydrodynamic atomization system (EHDA). Decane has been used as…

L-Malic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. L-Malic Acid is used as a food additive.

Dithranol (1, 8 - dihydroxy-9-anthrone) is also called as anthralin. It is a vital topical antipsoriatic drugs. Dithranol, an athracene derivative, is a free radical generating mitochondrial poison that induces apoptosis in keratinocytes. Dithranol may be used as a matrix for matrix assisted…

Desmosine is a tetrafunctional, pyridinium ring-containing amino acids involved in elastin cross-linking. A desmosine cross-link is formed from three allysyl side chains plus one unaltered lysyl side chain from the same or neighbouring polypeptides. Desmosine is responsible for the cross-linking…