An aporphine alkaloid that possesses antioxidant and free-radical scavenging ability and has been linked to anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, anti-platelet, anti-tumor, UV-protective, and hepatoprotective effects.

A mixture of at least four closely related components, polymyxin B1 to B4, with polymyxin B1 and B2 being the two major components; demonstrates rapid in vitro bactericidal activity against major multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and K. pneumonia.

Cathepsin K is a lysosomal cysteine protease found in osteoclasts whose elevated activity has been linked to the formation of osteoporosis and arthritis. 2-cyano-Pyrimidine is a cathepsin K inhibitor whose basic structure and derivatives are being studied for the treatment of osteoporosis.…

A cell-permeable, chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase used in histochemical and molecular biology applications, including detection of lacZ activity in cells and tissues.

A red/orange-colored fat-soluble terpenoid with antioxidant properties; can be cleaved to produce vitamin A and retinoic acid.

Induces protein expression where the gene is under the control of the lac operator by triggering transcription of the lac operon in cloning procedures.

A dye used to stain proteins for IEF and SDS-PAGE; fluoresces near infrared (absorption maximum: 624 nm).

An indoleamine neurohormone whose levels vary in a daily cycle, thereby allowing the entrainment of the circadian rhythms of several biological functions in animals, plants, and microbes; acts as a powerful antioxidant that protects lipids, proteins, and DNA against oxidative damage.

A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine; used to solubilize lipids and membrane-bound proteins and also as a vehicle to assist with vaccine delivery.

A selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator; an ER antagonist in breast tissue, effective in treating early breast cancer; an ER agonist in bone and blood vessels and a partial ER agonist in uterine tissues.

4-Pyrimidinecarboxaldehyde, dimethyl acetal is a synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

An NSAID commonly used in animals to combat pain and inflammation, particularly as associated with osteoarthritis; inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 (IC₅₀s = 22.3 and 3.9 µM, respectively) and also FAAH (IC₅₀ = 74 µM).

A natural plant sterol that can be isolated from certain seed oils and herbs, including those used for therapeutic purposes.

Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of 5-LO with an IC₅₀ value of 3.7-72 µM and 12-LO with an IC₅₀ value of 5.1-30 µM.

A selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator used as adjuvant therapy for estrogen-dependent breast cancer; increases ER activity in bone, uterus, and the cardiovasculature system as it decreases ER activity in breast tissues; metabolized by CYP450 enzymes to active metabolites; alters cholesterol…

A synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

An atypical, second generation antipsychotic compound that has effects at multiple receptors; antagonizes dopamine D1, D2, and D3 receptors, serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT7 receptors, and α1A, α1B, and α2C adrenergic receptors.

An aminoglycosidic antibiotic that is commonly used for the selection of genetically engineered cells neo neon toxic prokaryotic genes eukaryotic cells.

An N-acetylglucosamine derivative that has been shown to promote hyaluronic acid production.

A natural phytochemical with anti-inflammatory effects; inhibits the growth of leukemia cells (IC₅₀ = 1.5 μg/ml), inducing apoptosis; at 15 μM, suppresses STAT3-regulated gene expression and prevents angiogenesis.

An alkaloid that irreversibly inhibits both human VMAT1 and VMAT2 (Ki = 34 and 12 nM, respectively); used to experimentally deplete monoamines in animals; also inhibits P-glycoprotein (IC₅₀ = 0.5 µM).

A derivative of AMP that has been used in the synthesis of novel photoaffinity labels for incorporation into DNA and to study adenosine-based interactions during DNA synthesis and DNA damage.

A synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

A natural polyamine that plays diverse roles in signal transduction and metabolism; involved in growth, development, and stress responses in plants.

A chromogenic substrate that, like other tetrazolium compounds, can be reduced to produce a colored formazan derivative; used in the “NBT test” to evaluate the activity of NADPH oxidase in phagocytes; paired with PCIB for the colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase activity.

A monosaccharide derivative of glucose that is released by the action of O-GlcNAcase, in mammalian systems, from proteins that have been post-translationally modified with O-GlcNAc; also is the monomeric unit of chitin, which is found in fungi and many inverebrates, including crustaceans, insects,…

A redox indicator used to detect cellular respiration; primarily reduced by Complex I in mitochondria and, under anaerobic conditions, is completely reduced to an insoluble red 1,3,5-triphenylformazan.

A major metabolite of glycyrrhizin, a constituent of licorice that exhibits anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties; at 100 mg/kg/day, reduces lipid peroxidation and increases antioxidant activity in diabetic rats; suppresses LPS-induced TNF-α production and…

A dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel antagonist that displays antihypertensive and antianginal activity; selectively inhibits adenosine A3 receptors (Ki = 3.25 µM) and CYP3A4 catalytic activity (IC₅₀ = 0.148 µM); activates TRPA1 channels, producing an increase in Ca2+…

A citrus-derived flavonoid that inhibits CYP3A4 activity in human liver microsomes (IC₅₀s = 139-188 μM); demonstrates antifibrotic, lipid lowering, and insulin-like properties.

A class III antiarrhythmic agent; inhibits KCNH2 with an IC₅₀ value of 1 µM; also inhibits CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 in vitro at low micromolar concentrations.

An NSAID that non-selectively and reversibly inhibits both COX isoforms (IC₅₀ = 1.57 and 1.69 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively).