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A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine; used to solubilize lipids and membrane-bound proteins and also as a vehicle to assist with vaccine delivery.
DL-Homocysteine is a thiol-containing amino acid derived from methionine.{48974} It inhibits vasodilation of precontracted isolated guinea pig pulmonary artery rings induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and enhances potassium chloride- and phenylephrine-induced contraction of isolated guinea pig pulmonary...
A more lipophilic prodrug form of the free acid PGE2; hydrolyzed to the free acid by endogenous esterases upon in vivo administration.
A noncompetitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist with preferential activity at the α3β4 subtype (IC50 = 90-640 nM) compared to α4β2, α3β2, and α7 subtypes (IC50s range from 1-7 μM).
A small molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor type 1 kinase (IC50 = 56 nM) that has been used to study the role of TGF-β signaling in triple negative breast cancer cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
A non-protein amino acid that chelates iron and copper; inhibits certain enzymes that contain iron or copper, including arginase (IC50 = 3.7 µM).
A phosphonic analog of ATP and agonist of P2X1 and P2X3 (EC50 = ~1 µM); ~1,000-fold less potent at P2X2, P2X receptors 4-7, and P2Y receptors; used as a stable analog of ATP to study the interaction of ATP with kinases and other proteins.
An irreversible inhibitor of the fatty acid translocase CD36, blocking uptake of oleate, linoleate, or stearate by about 65% when added at 200 µM to adipocytes; reduces the uptake of palmitate by mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages.
A natural agonist, abundant in tomatoes, that activates PPARα at 10-20 µM; increases the expression of genes regulated by PPARα in primary mouse hepatocytes, altering lipid metabolism.
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is produced physiologically from the sequential oxygenation of DHA by 15- and 5-lipoxygenases. The 17(R)-epimer of RvD1 can also be generated with aspirin-treatment. Both RvD1 and its 17(R) configuration reduce human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) transendothelial migration,...
A potent ATP mimetic that inhibits both JAK1 and JAK2 with IC50 values of 2.7 and 4.5 nM, respectively; blocks IL-6 signaling (IC50 = 281 nM) and proliferation of JAK2V617F+ Ba/F3 cells (IC50 = 127 nM); reduces splenomegaly, decreases circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, eliminates neoplastic...
A potent and reversible inhibitor of JNK-3 (IC50 = 0.11 μM).
A stable formulation of LTA4, the intermediate in LTs derived from AA by 5-LO.
A cell permeable cAMP analog that selectively activates PKA over Epac1 and 2 (also known as RAPGEF3 and 4); binds the AI and AII subunits of PKA with pKi values of 4.0 and 3.8, respectively, whereas it binds Epac1 with a pKi value of 1.3.
An internal standard for quantification of 13,14-dihydro-15 (R,S)-hydroxy-16,16-difluoro-Prostaglandin E1, a metabolite of a bicyclic PGE1 derivative used in the treatment of chronic constipation, by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry (MS).
An internal standard for the quantification of arachidonic acid by GC- or LC-MS.
DAF-2 is a sensitive fluorescent indicator commonly used for the detection of NO. It reacts with NO in the presence of oxygen to yield the highly fluorescent triazolofluorescein (DAF-2T). Fluorescence is monitored using excitation and emission wavelengths of 485 and 538 nM, respectively. At neutral...
Source: Recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged protein expressed in E. coli Mr: 42.2 kDa
An active metabolite of the antidepressant fluoxetine that inhibits serotonin uptake (pKi = 7.35); the S-enantiomer of norfluoxetine is 20-fold more potent as an SSRI than the R-enantiomer (pKis = 7.86 versus 6.51, respectively).
Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase/co-enzyme Q reductase) is one of the major sites of electron entry into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Complex II catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate, and in the process reduces ubiquinone (Q) to ubiquinol (QH2). Ultimately,...
A phospholipid containing the saturated long-chain (16:0) stearic acid inserted at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions and phosphoethanolamine at the sn-2 site.
Pinolenic acid ethyl ester is a neutral, more lipophilic form of the free acid.
An analytical reference standard categorized as a racemic mixture of (-)-cannabidiol and (+)-cannabidiol; intended for research and forensic applications
5-Bromoisoquinoline is a synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.