Apoferritin is the Protein shell of ferritin. Calibration of gel filtration columns and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Acts as an anti-oxidant When added to cultured endothelial cells apoferritin is taken up in a dose-responsive manner and appears to…

Puromycin is an antibiotic of unique structure and biological activity. It is produced by fermentation using Streptomyces albo-niger. There are four aspects of puromycin's biological activity that are 1) antitumor effect; 2) nephrotoxic action; 3) inhibition of purine and/or protein synthesis…

Ac-DEVD-AFC is a sensitive fluorescent substrate for the assay of caspase-3 activity. The trifluoromethyl substituent of the fluorophore improves the membrane permeability of the substrate.

Elastase is an enzyme from the class of proteases (peptidases) that break down proteins. It hydrolyzes peptide bonds, especially those adjacent to neutral amino acids. Hydrolyses elastin Digests hemoglobin, casein, and fibrin One unit will solublize 1 mg of elastin in 20 minutes at…

Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune origin that agglutinate cells and/or precipitate complex carbohydrates. Lectins are capable of binding glycoproteins even in presence of various detergents. The agglutination activity of these highly specific carbohydrate-binding molecules is…

PMA activates Ca2+- ATPase and potentiates forskolin-induced cAMP formation. It has been shown to inhibit apoptosis induced by the Fas antigen, but PMA induces apoptosis in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells.

Aprotinin is a protein consisting of 58 amino acids, arranged in a single polypeptide chain that is crosslinked by three disulfide bridges. Aprotinin is found in bovine lymph nodes, lung, parotid gland, spleen, liver, pancreas, seminal vesicles, thyroid gland, kidney, mucous membranes of the…

Collagenase is a protease which cleaves the triple-helical protein called collagen. There are three types of tissue collagenases, and these belong to the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) family. Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum has extensive use in biological studies, where it is used to…

Acetyl-CoA is produced via beta-oxidation of fatty acids, via the metabolism of carbohydrates - glucose 6-phosphate to pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and via the catabolism of amino acids. Acetyl-CoA has a number of metabolic opportunities. It is metabolized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to produce…

Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid that induces the production of phospholipase A2 inhibitory protein (lipocortin). It also inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase (IC50=5 nM). Dexamethasone has been shown to cause reduction in cyclin A and Cdk2 activity, inhibition of G1/S…

Bestatin is a dipeptide antitumor antibiotic. It shows no inhibition against aminopeptidase A, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, papain, pepsin or themolysin. Activates macrophages and T lymphocytes and also has antitumor properties. It binds to cell surfaces and is an inhibitor for aminopeptidase B…

Tight-binding, reversible, highly selective inhibitor of acid proteases (aspartyl peptidases), like pepsin, gastricsin, cathepsin E and D, renin, chymosin, bacterial aspartic proteinases and HIV proteases. Does not inhibit thiol proteases, neutral proteases or serine proteases. Widely used as a…

Aldolase is used in an hydrazine assay based on Boyer's modification in which 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde reacts with hydrazine to form a hydrazone which absorbs at 240 nm.

Poly-lysine is a polycation which binds to DNA, red cell membrane and any negatively charged protein. It is typically used as a coating substrate for culture dishes, slides, etc. It enhances electrostatic interaction between negatively charged ions of the cell membrane and the culture surface. When…

Anticancer compound. Chemotherapeutic used in patients with cancer and advanced forms of Kaposi's sarcoma. Microtubule assembly stabilizer. Reversibly binds to polymerized tubulin. Anti-mitotic. Mitotic spindle assembly, chromosome segregation and cell division inhibitor. Induces cell cycle…

Poly-L-lysine is a positively charged amino acid polymer. Poly-lysine binds to DNA, red cell membrane and any negatively charged protein. It is typically used as a coating substrate for culture dishes, slides, etc. It enhances electrostatic interaction between negatively charged ions of the cell…

Potent anticancer compound. Anti-angiogenic. VEGF, VE-cadherin phosphorylation, matrix metalloproteinase and urokinase-plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitor. Anti-inflammatory. NF-kappaB inhibitor. Modulates chronic inflammatory diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory…

Biliverdin Dihydrochloride is a bile pigment component. An oxidized metabolite of bilirubin caused when bilirubin reacts with reactive oxygen species. Biliverdin IX is composed of alpha, beta, gamma and delta isomers. Biliverdin dihydrochloride was found responsible for cytoprotection. It was…

Collagenases degrade native helical collagen fibrils. It has an important role in connective tissue metabolism and is produced by specific cells involved in repairs and remodelling processes. Collagenase is used for tissue dissociation combined with other enzymes such as elastase, trypsin,…

Poly-lysine is a polycation which binds to DNA, red cell membrane and any negatively charged protein. When adsorbed to the culture surface, poly-lysine increases the number of positively charged sites available for cell binding. A compromise between the easier to use lower molecular weight products…

Poly-L-lysine is a positively charged amino acid polymer. Poly-lysine binds to DNA, red cell membrane and any negatively charged protein. It is typically used as a coating substrate for culture dishes, slides, etc. It enhances electrostatic interaction between negatively charged ions of the cell…

Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic, it is a mixture of cyclic polypeptides colistin A and B. Colistin is effective against most Gram-negative bacilli and is used as a polypeptide antibiotic. Colistin sulfate is used to permeabilize bacterial cell membranes and to study mannose-resistant…

Crude Phaseolus vulgaris-P lectin (PHA-P) from the Red Kidney Bean. Phytohemagglutinin PHA agglutinates the erythrocytes of all human blood groups as well as those of rabbit, dog, cat, mouse, sheep, and guinea pig. The optimal amount of PHA required for the agglutination of erythrocytes varies with…

Crocetin is a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid that is found in the crocus flower and Gardenia jasminoides. Crocetin was found to inhibit cell cycle progression at the G2-M phase and pancreatic tumor formation in nude mice. It has been shown to improve postshock recovery of cellular…

Papain is a sulfhydryl protease from Carica papaya latex. Cleaves peptide bonds of basic amino acids, leucine, or glycine Hydrolyzes esters and amides One unit will hydrolyze 1.0 µmole of N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) per minute at 25°C and pH 6.2 Papain…

Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid that induces the production of phospholipase A2 inhibitory protein (lipocortin). It also inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase (IC50=5 nM). Dexamethasone has been shown to cause reduction in cyclin A and Cdk2 activity, inhibition of G1/S…

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a cyanine dye used in medical diagnostics. It is used for determining cardiac output, hepatic function, and liver blood flow, and for ophthalmic angiography. ICG binds tightly to plasma proteins and becomes confined to the vascular system. Indocyanine Green is a…

Guanosine-5'-triphosphate, a purine nucleotide, is required as a coenzyme for protein biosynthesis in a cell-free system. Guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP), a purine trinucleotide, is a substrate for RNA polymerases and a wide range of GTPase including G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)…

Etoposide is an important chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat a wide spectrum of human cancers. It also belongs to the drug type plant alkaloid. The primary cytotoxic target for etoposide is topoisomerase II. This ubiquitous enzyme regulates DNA under- and overwinding, and removes knots…

Collagenases degrade native helical collagen fibrils. Plays an important role in connective tissue metabolism Produced by specific cells involved in repairs and remodeling processes Type II enzyme that contains greater clostripain activity Collagenase is used for collagen…

Coenzyme A is an essential cofactor in enzymatic acetyl transfer reactions. Facilitates removal of lipid peroxides by increasing mobilization of fatty acids Promote repair of plasma membranes by activating phospholipid synthesis The principal biologically active forms of pantothenic…

α-Amylase isolated from porcine pancreas is a glycoprotein. It is a single polypeptide chain of ~475 residues containing two SH groups and four disulfide bridges and a tightly bound Ca2+ necessary for stability. Chloride ions are necessary for activity and stability. α-Amylase is…