Oxytocin is a hypothalamic peptide hormone that is stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It is released into the bloodstream during parturition and lactation and is also involved in other social and sexual behaviors, neuropsyciatric disorders, and the maintenance of water and sodium homeostasis.…

Glycerol is the backbone of triglycerides and an important intermediate in energy metabolism being involved in both oxidative and synthetic processes. The circulating levels of glycerol and free fatty acids are considered to reflect lipolysis and are therefore useful parameters to evaluate in…

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) represent a group of enzymes that oxidize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids, which affect both developmental and toxicological functions. Pharmacological inhibitors or activators of ALDH activity have been…

Complex III (CoQ cytochrome c oxidoreductase) is an essential protein for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Complex III functions as both a gatekeeper for mitochondrial respiration, and as a major source of reactive oxygen species III. It accepts electrons from complexes I and II in the form…

ALT is a homodimeric cytoplasmic pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in cellular nitrogen metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and liver gluconeogenesis. Cayman’s Alanine Transaminase Assay provides a convenient method of detecting ALT activity in serum, plasma, tissue samples, and…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human retinoid X receptor beta (NR2B2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as RXRB or RXRβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells include…

Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) is a product of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in activated mast cells, eosinophils, and monocytes. LTA4, the primary 5-LO metabolite, is rapidly converted to LTC4 and sequentially to LTD4 and LTE4. While plasma levels of LTC4 are virtually undetectable, exogenously…

Catalase is an ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme that is present in most aerobic cells. It is involved in the detoxification of H2O2, a ROS that is a toxic product of both normal aerobic metabolism and pathogenic ROS production. Cayman’s Catalase Assay utilizes the peroxidatic function of…

NADPH is an essential cofactor for the function of the NOS enzyme. Unfortunately, NADPH interferes with the chemistry of the Griess reagents, which are the most commonly used reagents for nitrite detection. This kit uses Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) to oxidize the excess NADPH used in a…

INDIGO’s panel of TR reporter assays utilizes non-human mammalian cells engineered to express human thyroid hormone receptors alpha (NR1A1) and beta (NR1A2), ligand-dependent transcription factors commonly referred to as TRα and TRβ. INDIGO’s TR reporter cells include the…

The measurement of TG levels, in conjunction with other lipid assays, are useful in the diagnosis of primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinemia, dyslipidemia, and triglyceridemia. Cayman’s TG Assay provides a simple, reproducible, and sensitive tool for assaying TGs in plasma, serum, cell…

Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase/co-enzyme Q reductase) is one of the major sites of electron entry into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Complex II catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate, and in the process reduces ubiquinone (Q) to ubiquinol (QH2). Ultimately,…

This assay kit provides an accurate and convenient method for screening LO inhibitors. This assay measures the hydroperoxides generated from the incubation of a LO (5-, 12-, or 15-LO) with either arachidonic or linoleic acid.

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human mammalian cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of full-length, unmodified human androgen receptor (NR3C4), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as AR. INDIGO’s reporter cells…

This PGD2-MOX ELISA is based on the conversion of PGD2 to a stable MOX derivative. Treatment of the sample with MOX HCl converts PGD2 into PGD2-MOX, preventing its further chemical degradation. The antiserum used in the assay was developed using conjugates of this derivative and is very specific…

Cayman’s Cortisol ELISA is a competitive assay that provides accurate measurements of cortisol within the range of 6.6-4,000 pg/ml.

Cayman’s PC Assay provides a specific, sensitive, and convenient method for quantifying PC in plasma or serum. In this assay, PC-Specific PLD hydrolyzes PC to choline and phosphatidic acid. The newly formed choline is then used to generate hydrogen peroxide in a reaction catalyzed by choline…

Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) is a key intermediate in cellular metabolic pathways and is derived primarily from glucose via glycolysis. Abnormal blood pyruvate levels are reported in a number of disorders including shock, liver disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, thiamine deficiency,…

Aconitase is an iron-sulfur protein containing a [Fe4S4]2+ cluster that catalyzes the stereospecific isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. Whereas exposure of aconitase to oxidants renders the enzyme inactive, loss of aconitase activity in cells or in biological samples treated…

Oxidative stress in the cellular environment results in the formation of highly reactive and unstable lipid hydroperoxides. Decomposition of the unstable peroxides derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids results in the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), which can be quantified colorimetrically…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the full-length human estrogen receptor 2 (NR3A2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as ERβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells include the…

Immunization of mice with chicken egg albumin (ovalbumin/OVA) in a precipitate complex with aluminum hydroxide (alum) is a highly effective means of inducing a potent TH2-mediated immune response. OVA/alum immunized mice produce anti-OVA antibodies predominantly of the IgG1 and IgE isotypes that…

Glycogen is the principal storage form of glucose in animal and human cells. It is made primarily by the liver and muscles, but it can also be made by glycogenesis within the brain and stomach. Cayman’s Glycogen Assay provides a simple, reproducible, and sensitive tool for assaying glycogen…

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced by monocytes, macrophages, and T cells and is invovled in many defense mechanisms including the immune response, hematopoiesis, bone metabolism, and acute phase reactions. Cayman’s IL-6 (mouse) ELISA Kit is an immunometric (i.e., sandwich) ELISA that permits…

This assay product utilizes proprietary human cells engineered to provide constitutive, highlevel expression of the Human Pregnane X Receptor (NR1I2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as PXR. PXR is also known as the Steroid and Xenobiotic sensing nuclear receptor (SXR).…

Progesterone, along with pregnenolone, is the biosynthetic precursor of all other steroid hormones. The main function of progesterone is to prepare the uterine lining for implantation of a fertilized ovum and to maintain pregnancy. Measurement of serum or plasma progesterone levels are used as an…

The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cells is an important indicator of normal cellular function. It is used as a parameter to study mitochondrial function as well as a marker of factors triggering the switch from healthy oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Oxygen…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human thyroid hormone receptor beta (NR1A2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as TRβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells include the…

11β-PGF2α is the primary plasma metabolite of PGD2 in vivo, the levels of which can increase from 6 pg/ml in a normal healthy volunteer to 490 ng/ml in patients with systemic mastocytosis. The normal human urinary excretion of 11β-PGF2α is about 11 ng/mmol creatinine (~400…

cAMP is a ubiquitous cellular second messenger that is a critical component of a signal transduction pathway linking membrane receptors and their ligands to the activation of internal cellular enzymatic activity and gene expression. cAMP is synthesized from ATP by membrane-bound adenylate cyclase…

For the quantification of TXB₂ in urine, serum, tissue culture supernatants, and other sample matrices Sensitivity (80% B/B0): 5 pg/ml Assay Range: 1.6-1,000 pg/ml Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is produced from arachidonic acid by many cells and causes irreversible platelet…

β-Hydroxybutyrate (β-HB; 3-hydroxybutyric acid) is produced in the liver, mainly from the oxidation of fatty acids, and exported to peripheral tissues for use as an energy source. Measurement of β-HB can provide a reliable index of the level of normal ketosis as well as detect…