This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human retinoic acid receptor, alpha (NR1B1), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as RARA or RARα. INDIGO’s reporter cells…

Cayman’s Protein Synthesis Assay Kit is a non-radioactive method for measuring protein synthesis that employs the cell-permeable, alkyne-containing, puromycin analog O-Propargyl-puromycin (OPP). Upon application to cells, the OPP probe incorporates into the C-terminus of translating…

Oxidative stress in the cellular environment results in the formation of highly reactive and unstable lipid hydroperoxides. Decomposition of the unstable peroxides derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids results in the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), which can be quantified colorimetrically…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human retinoic acid receptor, beta (NR1B2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as RARB or RARβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells…

Glycerol is the backbone of triglycerides and an important intermediate in energy metabolism being involved in both oxidative and synthetic processes. The circulating levels of glycerol and free fatty acids are considered to reflect lipolysis and are therefore useful parameters to evaluate in…

Cayman’s PC Assay provides a specific, sensitive, and convenient method for quantifying PC in plasma or serum. In this assay, PC-Specific PLD hydrolyzes PC to choline and phosphatidic acid. The newly formed choline is then used to generate hydrogen peroxide in a reaction catalyzed by choline…

Urinary creatinine levels are commonly used as an index of standardization for a variety of other tests. Measurement of creatinine clearance is also useful in detecting renal disease and estimating the extent of impairment of renal function. The Cayman Chemical Creatinine (urinary) Colorimetric…

Cayman’s SOD Assay is a fast and reliable assay for the measurement of SOD activity from plasma, serum, tissue homogenates, and cell lysates. SOD activity is assessed by measuring the dismutation of superoxide radicals generated by xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine in a convenient 96-well…

Uric acid (urate) is the end product of human purine metabolism and is mainly excreted in urine. Many factors, including genetic components and acquired factors, such as obesity and alcohol consumption, influence serum uric acid concentrations. Hyperuricemia induces or facilitates gout, kidney…

Catalase is an ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme that is present in most aerobic cells. It is involved in the detoxification of H2O2, a ROS that is a toxic product of both normal aerobic metabolism and pathogenic ROS production. Cayman’s Catalase Assay utilizes the peroxidatic function of…

Immunization of mice with citrullinated human fibrinogen, especially mice expressing the human HLA-DR4 transgene, induces an arthritic response driven by the production of antibodies that recognize citrullinated epitopes. The polyclonal antibody response produces antibodies reactive with both…

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced by monocytes, macrophages, and T cells and is invovled in many defense mechanisms including the immune response, hematopoiesis, bone metabolism, and acute phase reactions. Cayman’s IL-6 (mouse) ELISA Kit is an immunometric (i.e., sandwich) ELISA that permits…

Immunoglobulin IgG provides the majority of antibody-based immunity against invading pathogens and plays a significant role in the pathology of auto-immune diseases. Most mouse monoclonal antibodies are of the IgG isotype. Because mice are widely used as a research model for studies of the immune…

Aconitase is an iron-sulfur protein containing a [Fe4S4]2+ cluster that catalyzes the stereospecific isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. Whereas exposure of aconitase to oxidants renders the enzyme inactive, loss of aconitase activity in cells or in biological samples treated…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human vitamin D receptor (NR1I1), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as VDR. INDIGO’s reporter cells include the luciferase reporter…

Aldosterone, a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, is the principle mineralocorticoid controlling sodium and potassium balance. Serum aldosterone levels in normal upright adult individuals are generally less than 300 pg/ml. Only a fraction of urinary aldosterone is excreted intact, thus…

Immunization of mice with chicken egg albumin (ovalbumin/OVA) in a precipitate complex with aluminum hydroxide (alum) is a highly effective means of inducing a potent TH2-mediated immune response. OVA/alum immunized mice produce anti-OVA antibodies predominantly of the IgG1 and IgE isotypes that…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human retinoid X receptor beta (NR2B2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as RXRB or RXRβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells include…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the full-length human estrogen receptor 2 (NR3A2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as ERβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells include the…

Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase/co-enzyme Q reductase) is one of the major sites of electron entry into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Complex II catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate, and in the process reduces ubiquinone (Q) to ubiquinol (QH2). Ultimately,…

Cayman’s GSH Assay utilizes a carefully optimized enzymatic recycling method for the quantification of GSH in a 96-well microplate format. It measures both GSH and GSSG to reflect total glutathione in a sample. The kit can also be used to measure only GSSG by following an alternative…

Glycogen is the principal storage form of glucose in animal and human cells. It is made primarily by the liver and muscles, but it can also be made by glycogenesis within the brain and stomach. Cayman’s Glycogen Assay provides a simple, reproducible, and sensitive tool for assaying glycogen…

Oxytocin is a hypothalamic peptide hormone that is stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It is released into the bloodstream during parturition and lactation and is also involved in other social and sexual behaviors, neuropsyciatric disorders, and the maintenance of water and sodium homeostasis.…

Complex III (CoQ cytochrome c oxidoreductase) is an essential protein for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Complex III functions as both a gatekeeper for mitochondrial respiration, and as a major source of reactive oxygen species III. It accepts electrons from complexes I and II in the form…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human thyroid hormone receptor beta (NR1A2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as TRβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells include the…

Testosterone is the prototypic and predominant circulating androgenic steroid. It plays a major role in the growth and function of many reproductive and non-reproductive tissues and organs including muscle, liver, and brain, directing the development of the male phenotype during embryogenesis and…

This assay product utilizes proprietary human cells engineered to provide constitutive, highlevel expression of the Human Pregnane X Receptor (NR1I2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as PXR. PXR is also known as the Steroid and Xenobiotic sensing nuclear receptor (SXR).…

The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cells is an important indicator of normal cellular function. It is used as a parameter to study mitochondrial function as well as a marker of factors triggering the switch from healthy oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Oxygen…

cAMP is a ubiquitous cellular second messenger that is a critical component of a signal transduction pathway linking membrane receptors and their ligands to the activation of internal cellular enzymatic activity and gene expression. cAMP is synthesized from ATP by membrane-bound adenylate cyclase…

Lipid peroxidation is a well-established mechanism of cellular injury in both plants and animals and is used as an indicator of oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Lipid peroxides, derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, are unstable and decompose to form a complex series of compounds, which…

GPx catalyzes the reduction of hydroperoxides, including H2O2, using reduced glutathione and thereby functions to protect the cell from oxidative damage. Cayman’s Glutathione Peroxidase Assay measures GPx activity indirectly by a coupled reaction with GR. Oxidized GSSG, produced upon…

Cayman’s Cortisol ELISA is a competitive assay that provides accurate measurements of cortisol within the range of 6.6-4,000 pg/ml.