The COX (ovine/human) Inhibitor Screening Assay directly measures PGF2α produced by SnCl2 reduction of COX-derived PGH2. The prostanoid product is quantified via ELISA using a broadly specific antibody that binds to all the major PG compounds. Thus, the Cayman COX Assay is more accurate and…

Cayman’s PC Assay provides a specific, sensitive, and convenient method for quantifying PC in plasma or serum. In this assay, PC-Specific PLD hydrolyzes PC to choline and phosphatidic acid. The newly formed choline is then used to generate hydrogen peroxide in a reaction catalyzed by choline…

cAMP is a ubiquitous cellular second messenger that is a critical component of a signal transduction pathway linking membrane receptors and their ligands to the activation of internal cellular enzymatic activity and gene expression. cAMP is synthesized from ATP by membrane-bound adenylate cyclase…

This PGD2-MOX ELISA is based on the conversion of PGD2 to a stable MOX derivative. Treatment of the sample with MOX HCl converts PGD2 into PGD2-MOX, preventing its further chemical degradation. The antiserum used in the assay was developed using conjugates of this derivative and is very specific…

Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase/co-enzyme Q reductase) is one of the major sites of electron entry into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Complex II catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate, and in the process reduces ubiquinone (Q) to ubiquinol (QH2). Ultimately,…

For the quantification of TXB₂ in urine, serum, tissue culture supernatants, and other sample matrices Sensitivity (80% B/B0): 5 pg/ml Assay Range: 1.6-1,000 pg/ml Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is produced from arachidonic acid by many cells and causes irreversible platelet…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human mammalian cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of full-length, unmodified human androgen receptor (NR3C4), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as AR. INDIGO’s reporter cells…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the full-length human estrogen receptor 2 (NR3A2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as ERβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells include the…

Catalase is an ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme that is present in most aerobic cells. It is involved in the detoxification of H2O2, a ROS that is a toxic product of both normal aerobic metabolism and pathogenic ROS production. Cayman’s Catalase Assay utilizes the peroxidatic function of…

Cayman’s GSH Assay utilizes a carefully optimized enzymatic recycling method for the quantification of GSH in a 96-well microplate format. It measures both GSH and GSSG to reflect total glutathione in a sample. The kit can also be used to measure only GSSG by following an alternative…

11-KT is a second key androgenic steroid found in fish. It occurs in males together with testosterone in amounts which vary from less than 1 ng/ml to as much as 50-100 ng/ml, depending on the species and the stage of the reproductive cycle.

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human mammalian cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of human liver X receptor beta (NR1H2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as LXRβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells include the…

β-HB is a "ketone body" which is produced in the liver, mainly from the oxidation of fatty acids, and is exported to peripheral tissues for use as an energy source. Normally ketosis can indicate that lipid metabolism has been activated and the pathway of lipid degradation is intact.…

Aldosterone, a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, is the principle mineralocorticoid controlling sodium and potassium balance. Serum aldosterone levels in normal upright adult individuals are generally less than 300 pg/ml. Only a fraction of urinary aldosterone is excreted intact, thus…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human thyroid hormone receptor beta (NR1A2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as TRβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells include the…

This assay product utilizes proprietary human cells engineered to provide constitutive, highlevel expression of the Human Pregnane X Receptor (NR1I2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as PXR. PXR is also known as the Steroid and Xenobiotic sensing nuclear receptor (SXR).…

β-Hydroxybutyrate (β-HB; 3-hydroxybutyric acid) is produced in the liver, mainly from the oxidation of fatty acids, and exported to peripheral tissues for use as an energy source. Measurement of β-HB can provide a reliable index of the level of normal ketosis as well as detect…

Complex I (NADH oxidase/Co-enzyme Q reductase) is one of the major sites of electron entry into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Complex I catalyzes the 2 electron oxidation of NADH followed by the reduction of ubiquinone (Q) to form ubiquinol (QH2), and ultimately the reduction of…

Cayman’s SOD Assay is a fast and reliable assay for the measurement of SOD activity from plasma, serum, tissue homogenates, and cell lysates. SOD activity is assessed by measuring the dismutation of superoxide radicals generated by xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine in a convenient 96-well…

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) represent a group of enzymes that oxidize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids, which affect both developmental and toxicological functions. Pharmacological inhibitors or activators of ALDH activity have been…

Uric acid (urate) is the end product of human purine metabolism and is mainly excreted in urine. Many factors, including genetic components and acquired factors, such as obesity and alcohol consumption, influence serum uric acid concentrations. Hyperuricemia induces or facilitates gout, kidney…

The isoprostanes are a family of eicosanoids of non-enzymatic origin produced by the random oxidation of tissue phospholipids by oxygen radicals. Isoprostanes appear as artifacts in tissue and plasma samples which have undergone oxidative degradation during prolonged or improper storage. They also…

The measurement of TG levels, in conjunction with other lipid assays, are useful in the diagnosis of primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinemia, dyslipidemia, and triglyceridemia. Cayman’s TG Assay provides a simple, reproducible, and sensitive tool for assaying TGs in plasma, serum, cell…

Testosterone is the prototypic and predominant circulating androgenic steroid. It plays a major role in the growth and function of many reproductive and non-reproductive tissues and organs including muscle, liver, and brain, directing the development of the male phenotype during embryogenesis and…

COX-1 and COX-2 catalyze the production of the PG and TX precursor PGH2. COX-2 is primarily responsible for the biosynthesis of PGs under acute inflammatory conditions. The COX-2 (human recombinant) Inhibitor Screening Assay measures PGF2α that is produced by SnCl2 reduction of COX-2-derived…

This assay kit provides an accurate and convenient method for screening LO inhibitors. This assay measures the hydroperoxides generated from the incubation of a LO (5-, 12-, or 15-LO) with either arachidonic or linoleic acid.

Urinary creatinine levels are commonly used as an index of standardization for a variety of other tests. Measurement of creatinine clearance is also useful in detecting renal disease and estimating the extent of impairment of renal function. The Cayman Chemical Creatinine (urinary) Colorimetric…

The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cells is an important indicator of normal cellular function. It is used as a parameter to study mitochondrial function as well as a marker of factors triggering the switch from healthy oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Oxygen…

ALT is a homodimeric cytoplasmic pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in cellular nitrogen metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and liver gluconeogenesis. Cayman’s Alanine Transaminase Assay provides a convenient method of detecting ALT activity in serum, plasma, tissue samples, and…

The sPLA2 (Type V) Inhibitor Screening Assay is a convenient colorimetric assay designed for rapid screening of Type V sPLA2 inhibitors in a 96-well format. Each kit contains assay buffer, DTNB, diheptanoyl thio-PC, human sPLA2 (Type V), a 96-well plate, plate cover, and complete instructions.

GPx catalyzes the reduction of hydroperoxides, including H2O2, using reduced glutathione and thereby functions to protect the cell from oxidative damage. Cayman’s Glutathione Peroxidase Assay measures GPx activity indirectly by a coupled reaction with GR. Oxidized GSSG, produced upon…

Lipid peroxidation is a well-established mechanism of cellular injury in both plants and animals and is used as an indicator of oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Lipid peroxides, derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, are unstable and decompose to form a complex series of compounds, which…