EICOSANOIDS-EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay)

Mammalian sEH is a member of the α/β-hydrolase fold family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of exogenous and endogenous epoxides to vicinal diols. Endogenous substrates for sEH include EETs which exhibit vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory activity. Cayman’s sEH Cell-Based...

Because of the rapid metabolism of PGE2, the determination of in vivo PGE2 biosynthesis is often best accomplished by the measurement of PGE2 metabolites. Cayman’s PGEM Assay converts all 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2 and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGA2 into a single stable derivative, which is easily...

Cayman’s COX Fluorescent Inhibitor Screening Assay provides a convenient fluorescence-based method for screening ovine COX-1 and human recombinant COX-2 for isozyme-specific inhibitors. The assay utilizes the peroxidase component of COXs. In this assay, the reaction between PGG2 and ADHP...

The EP2 receptor is one of four GPCRs that mediate the actions of PGE2. The diverse effects of PGE2 acting via EP2 receptors point to the need to identify novel agonists and antagonists, both to further elucidate the function of this receptor subtype and for use as therapeutics for various diseases....

17-phenyl trinor PGF2α is a metabolically stable analog of PGF2α and is a potent agonist for the FP receptor. The ethyl amide analog has been approved for use as an ocular hypotensive drug, sold under the Allergan trade name Bimatoprost. There is some evidence that unmetabolized...

Cayman’s PLA2 ELISA Kit is an immunometric (i.e. "sandwich") assay that can be used for the quantification of sPLA2 in plasma, synovial fluid, and other sample matrices. Each kit contains AChE:s PLA2 antibody conjugate, antiserum, human recombinant sPLA2 standard, Ellman’s...

Cayman’s PGE2 ELISA is a sensitive competitive assay that uses a high-affinity PGE2 monoclonal antibody for quantification of PGE2 in plasma, urine, and culture media samples.

COX-1 and COX-2 catalyze the production of the PG and TX precursor PGH2. COX-2 is primarily responsible for the biosynthesis of PGs under acute inflammatory conditions. The COX-2 (human recombinant) Inhibitor Screening Assay measures PGF2α that is produced by SnCl2 reduction of COX-2-derived...

The measurement of FFA can be useful in determining metabolic status. Cayman’s Free Fatty Acid (FFA) Assay can be used for measuring free fatty acids in plasma, serum, and urine. The FFA Assay utilizes a coupled enzymatic reaction that results in generation of the highly fluorescent product...

Sphingomyelin is an important lipid component of cell membranes and lipoproteins. Cayman’s SM Assay provides a specific, sensitive, and convenient method for quantifying SM in plasma or serum in a 96-well format with a colorimetric readout at 595 nm.

Cayman’s Lipid Hydroperoxide Assay measures the hydroperoxides directly utilizing the redox reactions with ferrous ions. An easy to use quantitative extraction method was developed to extract lipid hydroperoxides into chloroform, and the extract is directly used in the assay. This procedure...

The COX Activity Assay utilizes the peroxidase component of cyclooxygenases. The peroxidase activity is assayed colorimetrically by monitoring the appearance of oxidized TMPD at 590 nm.The assay can be used to measure COX activity (COX-1 and COX-2) in cell lysates, tissue homogenates, and purified...

Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is produced physiologically from the sequential oxygenation of DHA by 15- and 5-lipoxygenases. The 17(R)-epimer of RvD1 can also be generated with aspirin-treatment. Both RvD1 and its 17(R) configuration reduce human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) transendothelial migration,...

11β-PGF2α is the primary plasma metabolite of PGD2 in vivo, the levels of which can increase from 6 pg/ml in a normal healthy volunteer to 490 ng/ml in patients with systemic mastocytosis. The normal human urinary excretion of 11β-PGF2α is about 11 ng/mmol creatinine (~400...

PGD2 is synthesized by H-PGDS in mast cells and is released in large quantities during allergic and asthmatic anaphylaxis. H-PGDS is therefore a key target for development of selective, potent inhibitors for therapeutic use against these diseases. Cayman’s H-PGDS FP-Based Inhibitor Screening...

The EP4 receptor is one of four GPCRs that mediate the actions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The diverse effects of PGE2 acting via EP4 receptors point to the need to identify novel agonists and antagonists, both to further elucidate the function of this receptor subtype and for use as therapeutics...

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), produced from arachidonic acid, causes irreversible platelet aggregation, vascular, and bronchial smooth muscle contraction. TXA2 is rapidly hydrolyzed non-enzymatically to form TXB2. However, most of the TXB2 measured in the plasma or urine of healthy individuals is due to ex...

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is biosynthesized in the brain by a soluble, 26 kDa glutathione-independent lipocalin-type PGD2 synthase. This PGD2 accumulates in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), where it induces physiologic sleep in rats and humans. PGD2 is also synthesized in mast cells and leukocytes by a...

Quantification of lipid peroxidation is essential to assess the role of oxidative injury in pathophysiological disorders. Lipid peroxidation results in the formation of highly reactive, unstable hydroperoxides of both saturated and unsaturated lipids. Cayman’s Lipid Hydroperoxide Assay...

Cyclooxygenase (COX, also called Prostaglandin H Synthase or PGHS) is a bifunctional enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to a hydroperoxy endoperoxide (PGG₂) and reduces the endoperoxide to the corresponding alcohol (PGH₂), the precursor of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and...

Prostacyclin is formed from arachidonic acid primarily by the vascular endothelium and renal cortex. It is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. PGI2 is non-enzymatically hydrated to 6-keto PGF1α (t½ = 2-3 minutes), and then quickly converted to the major...

FAAH is a cytosolic serine hydrolase responsible for the degradation of fatty acid amides, including AEA. Finding inhibitors to FAAH could offer a beneficial approach toward the treatment of pain, obesity, and various neurological diseases where higher endocannabinoid activity would be beneficial....

COX-1 and COX-2 catalyze the production of the PG and TX precursor PGH2. COX-2 is primarily responsible for the biosynthesis of PGs under acute inflammatory conditions. The COX-1 (ovine) Inhibitor Screening Assay measures PGF2α that is produced by SnCl2 reduction of COX-1-derived PGH2....

The EP4 receptor is one of four GPCRs that mediate the actions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The diverse effects of PGE2 acting via EP4 receptors point to the need to identify novel agonists and antagonists, both to further elucidate the function of this receptor subtype and for use as therapeutics...