Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). IL-1ß signals through the IL-1 receptor, type 1 (IL-1R1) to activate the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) signaling pathway, which contains the cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain adapter. IL-1ß and the independently regulated IL-1a protein have overlapping proinflammatory activities to induce adhesion molecule expression on epithelial cells, control fever induction, initiate rheumatoid arthritis, and promote septic shock.
Bioactivity Assay:D10S cell proliferation; ED50 =0.015 ng/mL; Bioactivity =6.7 x 10^7 untis/mg