Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of acute inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid in eosinophils, mast cells, and macrophages. Their biosynthesis proceeds via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in which 5-LO converts arachidonic acid into LTA4 with 5(S)-HpETE as an intermediate. The…

For the quantification of TXB₂ in urine, serum, tissue culture supernatants, and other sample matrices Sensitivity (80% B/B0): 5 pg/ml Assay Range: 1.6-1,000 pg/ml Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is produced from arachidonic acid by many cells and causes irreversible platelet…

Cayman’s PGE2 ELISA is a sensitive competitive assay that uses a high-affinity PGE2 monoclonal antibody for quantification of PGE2 in plasma, urine, and culture media samples.

Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) is a product of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in activated mast cells, eosinophils, and monocytes. LTA4, the primary 5-LO metabolite, is rapidly converted to LTC4 and sequentially to LTD4 and LTE4. While plasma levels of LTC4 are virtually undetectable, exogenously…

cGMP, synthesized from GTP by both membrane-bound and soluble guanlyate cyclase enzymes, is a key intracellular second messenger molecule that transduces cellular signaling events in response to a variety of hormones, autacoids and drugs. The relative abundance of cGMP within a given cell can serve…

Cayman’s Cortisol ELISA is a competitive assay that provides accurate measurements of cortisol within the range of 6.6-4,000 pg/ml.

11β-PGF2α is the primary plasma metabolite of PGD2 in vivo, the levels of which can increase from 6 pg/ml in a normal healthy volunteer to 490 ng/ml in patients with systemic mastocytosis. The normal human urinary excretion of 11β-PGF2α is about 11 ng/mmol creatinine (~400…

Cayman’s GSH Assay utilizes a carefully optimized enzymatic recycling method for the quantification of GSH in a 96-well microplate format. It measures both GSH and GSSG to reflect total glutathione in a sample. The kit can also be used to measure only GSSG by following an alternative…

Urinary creatinine levels are commonly used as an index of standardization for a variety of other tests. Measurement of creatinine clearance is also useful in detecting renal disease and estimating the extent of impairment of renal function. The Cayman Chemical Creatinine (urinary) Colorimetric…

Catalase is an ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme that is present in most aerobic cells. It is involved in the detoxification of H2O2, a ROS that is a toxic product of both normal aerobic metabolism and pathogenic ROS production. Cayman’s Catalase Assay utilizes the peroxidatic function of…

Cayman’s XTT Cell Proliferation Assay provides an easy to use tool for studying induction and inhibition of cell proliferation in any in vitro model. The assay is based on the extracellular reduction of XTT by NADH produced in the mitochondria via trans-plasma membrane electron transport and…

Substance P is a bioactive 11-amino acid peptide first isolated in 1931 from brain and intestine. The peptide is involved in many physiological processes including pain modulation, smooth muscle contraction, blood pressure control, kidney function, and water homeostasis. Substance P is widely…

Progesterone, along with pregnenolone, is the biosynthetic precursor of all other steroid hormones. The main function of progesterone is to prepare the uterine lining for implantation of a fertilized ovum and to maintain pregnancy. Measurement of serum or plasma progesterone levels are used as an…

The isoprostanes are a family of eicosanoids of non-enzymatic origin produced by the random oxidation of tissue phospholipids by oxygen radicals. Isoprostanes appear as artifacts in tissue and plasma samples which have undergone oxidative degradation during prolonged or improper storage. They also…

cAMP is a ubiquitous cellular second messenger that is a critical component of a signal transduction pathway linking membrane receptors and their ligands to the activation of internal cellular enzymatic activity and gene expression. cAMP is synthesized from ATP by membrane-bound adenylate cyclase…

Oxytocin is a hypothalamic peptide hormone that is stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It is released into the bloodstream during parturition and lactation and is also involved in other social and sexual behaviors, neuropsyciatric disorders, and the maintenance of water and sodium homeostasis.…

Cayman’s SOD Assay is a fast and reliable assay for the measurement of SOD activity from plasma, serum, tissue homogenates, and cell lysates. SOD activity is assessed by measuring the dismutation of superoxide radicals generated by xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine in a convenient 96-well…

GPx catalyzes the reduction of hydroperoxides, including H2O2, using reduced glutathione and thereby functions to protect the cell from oxidative damage. Cayman’s Glutathione Peroxidase Assay measures GPx activity indirectly by a coupled reaction with GR. Oxidized GSSG, produced upon…

This PGD2-MOX ELISA is based on the conversion of PGD2 to a stable MOX derivative. Treatment of the sample with MOX HCl converts PGD2 into PGD2-MOX, preventing its further chemical degradation. The antiserum used in the assay was developed using conjugates of this derivative and is very specific…

Testosterone is the prototypic and predominant circulating androgenic steroid. It plays a major role in the growth and function of many reproductive and non-reproductive tissues and organs including muscle, liver, and brain, directing the development of the male phenotype during embryogenesis and…

11-KT is a second key androgenic steroid found in fish. It occurs in males together with testosterone in amounts which vary from less than 1 ng/ml to as much as 50-100 ng/ml, depending on the species and the stage of the reproductive cycle.

The ET peptide family consists of three isoforms, ET-1 (corresponding to the initially isolated and most predominant isoform), ET-2, and ET-3. ET-1 is a 21 amino acid peptide and is one of the most potent vasoconstrictors currently known. ET-2 displays similar pharmacology to ET-1, whereas ET-3 is…

Mammalian sEH is a member of the α/β-hydrolase fold family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of exogenous and endogenous epoxides to vicinal diols. Endogenous substrates for sEH include EETs which exhibit vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory activity. Cayman’s sEH Cell-Based…

Latanoprost is an F-series PG analog which has been approved for use as an ocular hypotensive drug. PG esters and other similar derivatives act as prodrugs which are converted to the active free acid form by an esterase/amidase activity in ocular tissues. The free acid form of Latanoprost is 200…

Resolvin D2 (RvD2) is produced physiologically from the sequential oxygenation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by 15- and 5-lipoxygenases. RvD2 reduces polymorphonuclear leukocyte transendothelial migration, the earliest event in acute inflammation, by ~70% at doses as low as 10 pg in the mouse model…

cAMP is a ubiquitous cellular second messenger that is a critical component of a signal transduction pathway linking membrane receptors and their ligands to the activation of internal cellular enzymatic activity and gene expression.

Cayman’s STAT-8-isoprostane ELISA is a competitive assay that permits the rapid measurement of 8-iso PGF2α from biological samples, requiring only 1 hour incubation and development times for each step. This assay format is similar to that employed in Cayman’s original…

This assay was developed for screening applications in which the relative amount of PG production for a large number of cell culture samples must be determined. The antiserum used in this assay exhibits high cross reactivity for most PGs which will allow quantification of all the PGs in a given…

Cayman's WST-8 Cell Proliferation Assay provides a tool for studying induction and inhibition of cell proliferation in any in vitro model. The assay is based on the extracellular reduction of WST-8 by NADH produced in the mitochondria resulting in a water-soluble formazan which dissolves…

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic process regulating gene expression. Methylation occurs on carbon 5 of 2-deoxy cytidine yielding the modified base 5-methyl-2-deoxy cytidine. The methylation pattern of cells is tightly regulated during development with the methylation profile being…

For measurement of LDH activity as an indicator of cell death.

Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is produced physiologically from the sequential oxygenation of DHA by 15- and 5-lipoxygenases. The 17(R)-epimer of RvD1 can also be generated with aspirin-treatment. Both RvD1 and its 17(R) configuration reduce human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) transendothelial migration,…