Interferon-beta (IFN-ß), acting via STAT1 and STAT2, is known to upregulate and downregulate a wide variety of genes, most of which are involved in the antiviral immune response. It is a member of Type I IFNs, which include IFN-a, -ß, t, and –?. IFN-ß plays an important role in inducing non-specific resistance against a broad range of viral infections. It also affects cell proliferation and modulates immune responses.