Chromatin, the higher order structure of DNA, proteins and RNA, constitutes the majority of the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Changes in chromatin structure are the essence of many essential nuclear processes, including transcription, meiosis, mitosis, and apoptosis. The nucleosome represents the primary building block of chromatin and it comprises an octomer of four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). HeLa cells expressing green fluorescent protein fused histone H2B (H2B-GFP) have been widely used to visualize the dynamics of chromosomal architecture in living cells during various processes. In addition to studying normal mitosis, histone H2B-GFP has been utilized for imaging the distinctive clustering behavior of double minute chromosomes (DMs) in cancer cells during mitosis, which contributes to their asymmetric distribution to daughter cells. Monitoring histone H2B-GFP also permits continuous analysis of chromosomal degradation during apoptosis.
Synonyms: Histone H2B
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