KC/GRO/CXCL1 coded by CXCL1 gene at chromosome 5 is approximately 63% identity to that of mouse MIP2. KC is also approximately 60% identical to the human GROs. Mouse KC is a potent neutrophil attractant and activator. The functional receptor for KC has been identified as CXCR2. Based on the pattern of KC expression in a number of inflammatory disease models, KC appears to have an important role in inflammation. KC was found to be involved in monocyte arrest on atherosclerotic endothelium and may also play a pathophysiological role in Alzheimer’s disease.