Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), sheets of few-layered graphene and lateral dimensions smaller than 100 nm, possess strong quantum confinement and edge effects. Thus, they possess unique physical properties such as strong photoluminescence, which can be tailored for specific applications by controlling their size, shape, defects, and functionality. In contrast to classic QDs, such as metal or silicon quantum dots, GQDs are biocompatible, photo-stable, and inherit superior thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties from the graphene. These features can greatly contribute to various state-of-the-art applications:
•Optical brighteners.
•Taggants for security application.
•Bio-imaging markers.
•Fluorescent polymers.
•Antibacterial, antibiofouling, disinfection systems.
•Heavy metals, humidity and pressure sensors.
•Batteries.
•Flash memory devices.
•Photovoltaic devices.
•Light-emitting diodes.
Synonyms: GQDs