Eltrombopag is a small molecule, nonpeptide agonist of the thrombopoietin receptor. It selectively binds to the transmembrane domain of the receptor and stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis in primary human bone marrow cells through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Eltrombopag is reported to increase platelet production when administered orally to chimpanzees at 10 mg/kg/d for five days.