The neuropeptide galanin elicits a range of biological effects by interacting with specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Galanin receptors are seven-transmembrane proteins that have been shown to activate a variety of intracellular second-messenger pathways. GALR1 inhibits adenylyl cyclase via a G protein of the Gi/Go family. GALR1 is widely expressed in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral sites including small intestine and heart.