An Antioxidant is a molecule capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules. Antioxidants protect the cells from damages by reactive oxygen species which are produced in oxidation reactions in the cell. Antioxidants can be small molecules such as glutathione, vitamins, or macromolecules such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase. As oxidative stress contributes to the development of many diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegeneration, the use of antioxidants in pharmacology is intensively studied. Antioxidants are also widely used as dietary supplements and in industry as preservatives in food, cosmetics, rubber and gasoline. Simple, direct and high-throughput assays for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) find wide applications in research, food industry and drug discovery.
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