The gene YARS (tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase) belongs to class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The protein shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Synonyms: Anti-TyrRS; Anti-Tyrosyl--tRNA ligase; Anti-Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic
Storage: -20C
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Biochem Physiol Actions: YARS (tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase) is important for aminoacylation function. It links tyrosine to its cognate tRNA to produce tRNATyr, a substrate for protein synthesis. In presence of oxidative stress, the nuclear localized YARS protects against DNA damage by activating transcription factor E2F1 (Retinoblastoma-associated protein 1) to induce expression of DNA damage repair genes. Mutations in YARS are associated with dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type C, a disorder of peripheral nervous system. YARS can be cleaved into the amino-terminal mini-TyrRS (Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase) and the EMAP II (Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II)-like carboxyl-terminal domain. The cleaved fragments are active cytokines and participate in cell-signaling pathways.
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