Vang-like protein 2 (UniProt Q91ZD4; also known as Loop-tail-associated protein, Loop-tail protein 1, Van Gogh-like protein 2) is encoded by the Vangl2 (also known as Lpp1, Ltap, Stb1, Stbm) gene (Gene ID 93840) in murine species. Mammalian Van Gogh-like proteins (VANGL1 & VANGL2) are orthologues of Vangl/Strabismus originally identified as a core planar-cell-polarity (PCP) gene in Drosophila. VANGL1 & VANGL2 are proteins of the WNT/PCP pathway that acts as a key regulator of cell polarity and directional movements that plays a key role in tissue morphogenesis and embryonic development. PCP is involved in neural tube closure, in the orientation of hair bundle in inner ear sensory cells and of motile cilia in the embryonic node, as well as in asymmetric cell division. VANGL1 and VANGL2 missense mutations have been identified in human embryos affected with severe neural tube defects (NTD). Likewise, homozygous Vangl2 Looptail mutation (Lp) in mice causes morphogenesis and patterning defects in numerous tissues, including the most severe failure in neural tube closure (craniorachischisis). VANGL1 and VANGL2 are both 4-transmembrane (a.a. 109-129, 148-168, 179-199, and 218-238 of murine VANGL2) plasma membrane proteins with cytoplasmic N- and C-terminal ends (a.a. 1-108 and 239-521 of murine VANGL2), they show overlapping, but not identical expression patterns in mouse brain. Both proteins can homo- or heterodimerize, creating different complexes during embryonic development.
Synonyms: Vang-like protein 2, Loop-tail-associated protein, Loop-tail protein 1, Strabismus 1, Van Gogh-like protein 2
Application: Research CategoryNeuroscience
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