This protein A purified antibody has been tested for use in ELISA, western blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, and lateral flow. Specific conditions for reactivity should be optimized by the end user. Expect a band approximately 46 kDa in size corresponding to SARS Nucleocapsid (N) protein by western blotting in the appropriate cell lysate or extract. ELISA and lateral flow format has been used to detect virus in extracts from nasal and throat swabs and saliva. IF has been used to determine the presence or absence of virus entering cells especially when anti-viral drugs are applied. IHC studies have been performed on biopsies, included retrospective studies on cadaver tissues after formalin fixation and paraffin embedding, detecting the coronavirus in lung, liver, bile duct, and placenta tissue. Yet other studies have shown this antibody has the ability to neutralize the virus and thereby protect cells from the uptake of live virus. Others have demonstrated the utility of the antibody in flow cytometry studies.