Granulins constitute a family of secreted, glycosylated peptides that are cleaved from a single precursor protein with 7.5 repeats of a highly conserved 12-cysteine granulin/epithelin motif. The 602 aa murine precursor protein, preprogranulin (UniProt Q3U9N4), is also called proepithelin and PC cell-derived growth factor. Cleavage of the signal peptide (aa 1-17) produces progranulin (Acrogranin; aa 18-589), which can be further cleaved into 7 active peptides named granulin-1 through granulin-7. Both the peptides and progranulin protein regulate cell growth. Granulin family members are important in normal development, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the GRN gene is a known cause for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP)-43, while a complete GRN deficiency due to a homozygous loss-of-function mutation causes the lysosomal storage disorder known as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). In Grn-/- mice, a murine model for GRN-associated FTLD-TDP (FTLD-TDP/GRN), the lysosomal proteins cathepsin D (CTSD) is found to be elevated, while an upregulated granulin level is observed in Ctsd(-/-) mice, a model for NCL. Moreover, both types of knockout mice are found to display increased levels of transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) as a common phenotype.
Synonyms: Granulins, Progranulin/GRN
Application: Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected elevated progranulin expression in brain homogenates from Ctsd-/- mice, and loss of progranulin expression in brain homogenates from Grn-/- mice (Gotzl, J.K., et al (2014). Acta Neuropathol.127(6):845-860).Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A representative lot detected elevated progranulin expression in the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus regions of Ctsd-/- mice when compared with wild-type mice using frozen brain sections (Gotzl, J.K., et al (2014). Acta Neuropathol.127(6):845-860).
Other Notes: Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.