Chromobox protein homolog 3 (UniProt Q13185; also known as HECH, Heterochromatin protein 1 homolog gamma, HP1 gamma, Modifier 2 protein) is encoded by the CBX3 gene (Gene ID 11335) in human. HP1 is a non-histone chromosomal protein that is present as three orthologs, HP1-alpha, HP1-beta, and HP1-gamma, in mammals. While HP1-alpha and HP1-beta have been unambiguously localized in heterochromatin, HP1-gamma has been found to localize in both euchromatin and heterochromatin (transiently) compartments of interphase nuclei, as well as in the pericentromeric chromatin and arms of mitotic chromosomes of 3T3 cells. HP1-gamma is phosphorylated by PIM1 during interphase and may be hyper-phosphorylated during mitosis. HPI-gamma is involved in transcriptional silencing in heterochromatin-like complexes. It recognizes and binds histone H3 tails methylated at 'Lys-9', leading to epigenetic repression. It may also contribute to the association of the heterochromatin with the inner nuclear membrane through its interaction with lamin B receptor (LBR). It is also reported to be involved in the formation of functional kinetochore through interaction with MIS12 complex proteins. Ref.: Minc E., et al. (2000). Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 90, 279-284.Lachner, M., et al. (2001). Nature 410, 116-120.
Synonyms: Chromobox protein homolog 3, HECH, Heterochromatin protein 1 homolog gamma, HP1 gamma, Modifier 2 protein
Application: Research CategoryEpigenetics & Nuclear Function
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