DNA G-quadruplex structures are associated with a number of important aspects of genome function, which include transcription, recombination and replication. Single-stranded guanine (G)-rich DNA can form stable secondary structures called G-quadruplexes (G-tetrads or G4), which can influence methylation at CpG islands (CGIs). G4 structure is reported to be tightly associated with CGI hypomethylation in the human genome. Four guanine bases can associate through Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding to form a square planar structure called a guanine tetrad (G-tetrad), and two or more G-tetrads can stack on top of each other to form a G-quadruplex. The quadruplex structure is further stabilized by the presence of a cation, especially potassium, which sits in a central channel between each pair of tetrads. A DNA G-tetrad can be formed within one DNA strand (intramolecular), between two DNA strands (bimolecular), or four DNA strands (tetramolecular). G4 DNA can arise anywhere in the genome where sufficiently long stretches of single-stranded G-rich DNA are exposed during replication, transcription or recombination. Chemical analysis of quadruplex-forming oligonucleotides has revealed the existence of a plethora of dynamic quadruplex structures with varying stabilities. The diverse nature of G4 DNA structures makes it an attractive topic in molecular biomedical research.(Ref.: Mao, SQ et al., (2018). Nat. Struc. Mol. Biol. 25(10); 951-957).
Synonyms: DNA G-quadruplex (BG4)
Application: ELISA Analysis: A representative lot detected DNA G-quadruplex structures in Anti-DNA G-quarduplex structures, BG4 (Courtesy of University of Cambridge).ChIP-seq Analysis: A representative lot detected DNA G-quadruplex structures in ChIP-seq applications (Hansel-Hertsch, R., et. al. (2016). Nat Genet. 48(10):1267-72). ELISA Analysis: A representative lot detected DNA G-quadruplex structures in ELISA applications (Biffi, G., et. al. (2013). Nat Chem. 5(3):182-6).Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A representative lot detected DNA G-quadruplex structures in Immunocytochemistry applications (Biffi, G., et. al. (2013). Nat Chem. 5(3):182-6).
Other Notes: Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.