Calreticulin (UniProt P27797; also known as Calregulin, CRP55, CRT, Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 60, ERp60, grp60, HACBP) is encoded by the CALR (also known as CRTC) gene (Gene ID 811) in human. Calreticulin (CRT), BiP (GRP78 or heat shock 70 kDa protein 5), and protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) are ER lumen folding factors that, together with other PTM enzymes, assist the process of newly synthesized proteins before their release from ER. CRT, BiP, and PDI themselves are subject to posttranslational signal peptide removal after their synthesis, exposing E18, E19, and D18 at the newly formed N-terminus, respectively. The N-terminus D and E residues of the mature proteins are permissive to arginine-tRNA-protein transferase 1/ATE1-catalyzed arginylation, forming arginylated mature proteins (R-CRT, R-BiP, R-PDI) with altered cellular localization to allow their participation in non-ER functions. Although only the basal levels of R-CRT and R-PDI, but not R-BiP, are generally detectible in non-stimulated cells, upregulated N-terminal arginylation of all three proteins is observed upon cytosolic dsDNA exposure and proteasomal inhibition, indicating a shared role in innate immune responses to invading microbes. In addition, ER stress induction by thapsigargin treatment synergistically boosts proteasomal inhibition-induced upregulation of cellular levels of R-CRT, R-BiP, and R-PDI, suggesting that ER stress accelerates the supply of ER lumenal CRT, BiP, and DPI for N-terminal arginylation.
Synonyms: Calreticulin, Nt-Glu18 arginylated, Calregulin, Nt-Glu18 arginylated, CRP55, Nt-Glu18 arginylated, CRT, Nt-Glu18 arginylated, Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 60, Nt-Glu18 arginylated, ERp60, Nt-Glu18 arginylated, grp60, Nt-Glu18 arginylated, HACBP
Application: Research CategorySignaling
Other Notes: Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.