BTN1A1 (butyrophilin, subfamily 1, member A1) belongs to the BTN gene family, which resides within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on gene 6p22.1. This protein is composed of 526 amino acids and has a hydrophobic signal sequence at its N-terminal, which is made of 26 amino acids. The signal peptide is cleaved off before the secretion of the protein. BTN1A1 also belongs to immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, where the Ig domains are present in the extracellular region. The protein has a transmembrane region and short heptad repeats in the cytoplasmic tail. It is predominantly expressed in the epithelium of lactating mammary gland.
Synonyms: Anti-BT; Anti-Butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1 precursor
Storage: -20C
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Biochem Physiol Actions: BTN1A1 (butyrophilin, subfamily 1, member A1) is a milk protein which is secreted in milk in the lipid droplets. It controls the secretion of lipid droplets in milk, by interacting with xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, and acting either as a receptor or structural protein. Inactivation of this gene in mice leads to the formation of triacylglycerol pools in the cytoplasm. When present in dietary products, BTN1A1 leads to alterations in multiple sclerosis (MS). This is because of the similarity in the IgI domain of BTN1A1 and the IgV domain of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). MOG is the antigen for auto-antibodies, and is found on the myelin nerve sheath of MS patients.
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