19(R)-Hydroxylated prostaglandins occur in µg/ml concentrations in the semen of certain mammalian species, especially primates. In the case of humans, the compounds are primarily of the PGE series, and the hydroxyl stereochemistry is 15(S),19(R). 19(R)-Hydroxylated prostaglandins are also found in the seminal plasma of marsupials, where F-type compounds of the 1 and 2-series predominate. The 15(R)-hydroxy epimer of these 19-hydroxylated prostaglandins is the inverse or “unnatural” isomer at C-15. The biological role of 19(R)-hydroxylated prostaglandins is not well established. In the E-series, 19(R)-hydroxylation has been identified with EP2 receptor subtype selectivity.