An H2S donor commonly used in cellular and whole animal experimental systems.

A natural alkaloid with antiviral properties, inhibiting the replication of hepatitis B alone and in combination with lamivudine; prevents fibrosis in a number of organs including liver, at least in part by interfering with TGF-β signaling.

An analog of β-D-glucose in which sulfur replaces the hydroxyl group at the one position, allowing diverse chemical reactions, including click chemistry and polymerization; can be labeled with technetium-99m for analytical and diagnostic procedures.

An unsaturated fatty acid found in royal jelly produced from honeybees; demonstrates longevity-promoting effects in C. elegans, down regulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in rheumatoid arthritis, inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis in HUVECs, facilitates differentiation of neurons from neural…

A major organic tracer generated by burned cellulose; used to evaluate, in atmospheric samples, the burning of wood.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist isolated from Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica. Nicotine Tartrate finds an application as the nicotine active in a wide range of smoking cessation products such as nicotine lozenges and nicotine sub-lingual tablets. (-)-Nicotine ditartrate is a…

A monosaccharide derivative of glucose that is released by the action of O-GlcNAcase, in mammalian systems, from proteins that have been post-translationally modified with O-GlcNAc; also is the monomeric unit of chitin, which is found in fungi and many inverebrates, including crustaceans, insects,…

Urinary metabolite of leucine that is used as a diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of various acidemias and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation defects.

A flavone that modulates xenobiotic metabolism; antagonizes AhR at nanomolar concentrations, although it agonizes AhR at higher concentrations (10 µM); inhibits CYP19, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 (IC₅₀s = 500, 60, 6, and 5 nM, respectively), whereas it activates CYP3A4 (Kd = 7.4 µM).

β-estradiol is a potent mammalian estrogenic hormone produced by the ovary. Triggers the production of gonadotropins leading to ovulation. β-Estradiol is used to study cell differentiation and transformations (tumorigenicity). The pharmacology and HPLC determination of β-Estradiol…

Cathepsin K is a lysosomal cysteine protease found in osteoclasts whose elevated activity has been linked to the formation of osteoporosis and arthritis. 2-cyano-Pyrimidine is a cathepsin K inhibitor whose basic structure and derivatives are being studied for the treatment of osteoporosis.…

A low molecular weight nonionic detergent that is commonly used for cell lysis and non-denaturing protein solubilization.

A third generation fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity; inhibits type II topoisomerases (IC₅₀s = 8.06 and 9.81 µg/ml for DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, respectively).

An N-acetylglucosamine derivative that has been shown to promote hyaluronic acid production.

Ciclopirox is a hydroxypyridone compound that exhibits antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities. This compound acts as a metal ion chelator, preventing peroxide degradation. Ciclopirox modulates generation of ROS in a PKA/Ras1/Ras2-dependent manner,…

A tertiary amine that complexes with, and stabilizes, Cu(I) to accelerate azide-alkyne cycloadditions, as used in click chemistry.

A classical inhibitor of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, inhibiting NADH/DB oxidoreductase and NADH oxidase with IC₅₀ values of 28.8 and 5.1 nM, respectively; used in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.

Hydrocortisone, a primary glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. It has three times the anti-inflammatory potency of corticosterone but much lower Na2+ retention potency. Hydrocortisone, known more formally as cortisone (INN, USAN, BAN), is a steroid hormone, produced by the zona…

A yellow breakdown product of heme catabolism, formed when heme is cleaved by heme oxygenase; has key roles as a free radical scavenger with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.

A second generation antihistamine that acts as a selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist (pKi = 8).

Cisplatin is a platinum-based cross-linking agent that exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic activity. Cisplatin induces crosslinks between guanine bases on DNA; it is clinically used to treat various forms of cancer. In lung cancer cells, cisplatin decreases phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and FOXO3a…

An inhibitor of DPP-4 (IC₅₀ = 3.5-34 nM); also inhibits DPP-8 and DPP-9 (Ki = 810 and 95 nM, respectively) but not DPP-2 or FAPα; blocks the degradation of several circulating peptides, including incretins; reduces fasting and postprandial glucose levels and decreases inflammatory…

An NSAID that non-selectively and reversibly inhibits both COX isoforms (IC₅₀ = 1.57 and 1.69 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively).

A synthetic intermediate used in glycosylation reactions.

Melatonin is a hormone of the pineal gland. Hormone; mediates photoperiodicity in mammals; inhibits cerebellar nitric oxide synthetase; peroxynitrite scavenger. Melatonin has complex effects on apoptotic pathways, inhibiting apoptosis in immune cells and neurons but enhancing apoptotic cell…

A member of the 2-aryl propionic acid group of NSAIDs that reduces inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 activation; decreases survival of prostate tumor cells by inducing p75NTR protein expression; inhibits the enzyme γ-secretase thereby preventing the formation of the…

An aporphine alkaloid that possesses antioxidant and free-radical scavenging ability and has been linked to anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, anti-platelet, anti-tumor, UV-protective, and hepatoprotective effects.

An aminoglycosidic antibiotic that is commonly used for the selection of genetically engineered cells neo neon toxic prokaryotic genes eukaryotic cells.

3-Pyrimidin-2-yl-Propionic Acid is a synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

An inhibitor of protein synthesis in eukaryotes (IC₅₀ = 5-50 μM) that functions by interfering with translational elongation; can either induce or inhibit apoptosis depending on cell type.

Catechin is a polyphenolic flavonoid which has been isolated from a variety of natural sources including tea leaves, grape seeds, and the wood and bark of trees such as acacia and mahogany. Catechin is a more potent antioxidant than ascorbate or α-tocopherol in certain in vitro lipid…

A cell-permeable, chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase used in histochemical and molecular biology applications, including detection of lacZ activity in cells and tissues.