A mixture of trans (3R/7R and 3S/7S) isomers; induces the synthesis of proteinase inhibitors in plant leaves; in cancer cells, suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis; inhibits hexokinase that is bound to mitochondria; methyl jasmonate derivatives also have potential as anti-inflammatory agents.

A polyene macrolide used in the treatment of infections caused by C. albicans, A. fumigatus, and parasitic L. protozoans, as well as in tissue culture to prevent fungi from contaminating cell cultures; binds with ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, altering membrane permeability and ultimately…

4-Pyrimidinecarboxaldehyde, dimethyl acetal is a synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

A polypeptide antibiotic effective against Gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae.

An N-acetylglucosamine derivative that has been shown to promote hyaluronic acid production.

An inhibitor of human recombinant PDE5 (IC₅₀ = 5.9 µM); used to treat erectile dysfunction and has been shown to have anti-cancer and antioxidant activity; induces differentiation of cardiomyocytes and increases the proliferation and differentiation of cultured human osteoblasts.

Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of 5-LO with an IC₅₀ value of 3.7-72 µM and 12-LO with an IC₅₀ value of 5.1-30 µM.

A mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived from the stem and fruit of pineapple plants; studied for a number of potential beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, fibrinolytic, and anti-cancer functions.

A tricyclic antidepressant that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine and acts as an antagonist at histamine, serotonin, adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors with Ki values in the nanomolar range.

An amino-amide anesthetic that binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels and blocks sodium influx into nerve cells, preventing the generation of an action potential; inhibits the uptake of dopamine in striatal synaptosomes by 47% at 100 µM.

A dye used to stain proteins for IEF and SDS-PAGE; fluoresces near infrared (absorption maximum: 624 nm).

An antimycotic prodrug that is converted by cytosine deaminase to 5-fluorouracil, a cytotoxic drug that inhibits viral infections and has cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.

An aporphine alkaloid that possesses antioxidant and free-radical scavenging ability and has been linked to anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, anti-platelet, anti-tumor, UV-protective, and hepatoprotective effects.

A metabolic precursor of dopamine that crosses the blood brain barrier; used to treat Parkinson’s disease and stroke damage.

A natural phytochemical with anti-inflammatory effects; inhibits the growth of leukemia cells (IC₅₀ = 1.5 μg/ml), inducing apoptosis; at 15 μM, suppresses STAT3-regulated gene expression and prevents angiogenesis.

A natural plant sterol that can be isolated from certain seed oils and herbs, including those used for therapeutic purposes.

A derivative of AMP that has been used in the synthesis of novel photoaffinity labels for incorporation into DNA and to study adenosine-based interactions during DNA synthesis and DNA damage.

A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine; used to solubilize lipids and membrane-bound proteins and also as a vehicle to assist with vaccine delivery.

A polysaccharide made of α-D-glucose units that constitutes about 20% of starch; acts as an indicator, turning blue in the presence of iodine, and has also been coupled to magnetic beads for the isolation and purification of maltose-binding protein fusion proteins.

A low molecular weight nonionic detergent that is commonly used for cell lysis and non-denaturing protein solubilization.

A non-ionic detergent commonly used to solubilize membrane-associated proteins; helps retain the native conformation and activity of membrane-associated proteins, and facilitates the reforming of these proteins after denaturation.

A third generation fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity; inhibits type II topoisomerases (IC₅₀s = 8.06 and 9.81 µg/ml for DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, respectively).

A chemical chaperone that rescues the trafficking of misfolded proteins and weakly blocks HDAC activity (IC50 = 0.4 mM), leading to cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and/or apoptosis of various tumors.

A synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

A tyrosine kinase inhibitor which acts on EGFR, inhibiting EGFR-associated kinase activity (IC50 = 2.5 µM) and tumor growth in human HN5 tumor xenografts in mice with an ED50 value of 9 mg/kg; drug form of Erlotinib, Tarceva™, is used to treat certain forms of cancer.

A muscarinic M1 and M2 mACh receptor agonist (pKB = 5 and 3.7, respectively) that is typically used as an animal model for temporal lobe epilepsy.

A coumarin antibiotic that inhibits the ATPase activity of DNA gyrase, permitting relaxation of negative supercoils; also generates positively supercoiled DNA.

A natural polyamine that plays diverse roles in signal transduction and metabolism; involved in growth, development, and stress responses in plants.

Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid and is one of the major components of membrane phospholipids. Oleic acid contributes about 17% of the total fatty acids esterified to phosphatidylcholine, the major phospholipid class in porcine platelets. Oleic acid inhibits collagen-stimulated platelet…

Induces protein expression where the gene is under the control of the lac operator by triggering transcription of the lac operon in cloning procedures.

A bacteriocin, a natural polycyclic antibacterial peptide, also called a lantibiotic; particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria and commonly used as a food preservative.

An alkaloid that irreversibly inhibits both human VMAT1 and VMAT2 (Ki = 34 and 12 nM, respectively); used to experimentally deplete monoamines in animals; also inhibits P-glycoprotein (IC₅₀ = 0.5 µM).