Cayman’s GSH Assay utilizes a carefully optimized enzymatic recycling method for the quantification of GSH in a 96-well microplate format. It measures both GSH and GSSG to reflect total glutathione in a sample. The kit can also be used to measure only GSSG by following an alternative…

4-(hydroxymercuri)Benzoic Acid(PHMB) is used to inhibit cysteine-protease and acts as a reversible thiol-specific blocker. While blocking the acylated ghrelin degradation, it allows the AcetylCholine Esterase AChE™ used in SPI-Bio EIA kits to work normally, in contrast to serine-protease inhibitors.

Glycerol is the backbone of triglycerides and an important intermediate in energy metabolism being involved in both oxidative and synthetic processes. The circulating levels of glycerol and free fatty acids are considered to reflect lipolysis and are therefore useful parameters to evaluate in…

INDIGO’s panel of TR reporter assays utilizes non-human mammalian cells engineered to express human thyroid hormone receptors alpha (NR1A1) and beta (NR1A2), ligand-dependent transcription factors commonly referred to as TRα and TRβ. INDIGO’s TR reporter cells include the…

Cayman's ATP Detection Assay Kit - Luminescence provides a simple and effective tool for measuring total ATP levels. This assay uses firefly luciferase to convert ATP and luciferin to oxyluciferin and light. The light emitted in this reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of ATP…

11-KT is a second key androgenic steroid found in fish. It occurs in males together with testosterone in amounts which vary from less than 1 ng/ml to as much as 50-100 ng/ml, depending on the species and the stage of the reproductive cycle.

Immunization of mice with chicken egg albumin (ovalbumin/OVA) in a precipitate complex with aluminum hydroxide (alum) is a highly effective means of inducing a potent TH2-mediated immune response. OVA/alum immunized mice produce anti-OVA antibodies predominantly of the IgG1 and IgE isotypes that…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human retinoid X receptor beta (NR2B2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as RXRB or RXRβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells include…

Cayman’s Phagocytosis Assay Kit (IgG PE) employs latex beads coated with fluorescently-labeled rabbit IgG as a probe for the measurement of the phagocytic process in vitro. The engulfed fluorescent beads can be detected using a fluorescence microscope, allowing kinetic studies of phagocytosis…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human thyroid hormone receptor beta (NR1A2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as TRβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells include the…

Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase/co-enzyme Q reductase) is one of the major sites of electron entry into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Complex II catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate, and in the process reduces ubiquinone (Q) to ubiquinol (QH2). Ultimately,…

CGRP is a 37 amino acid peptide synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system from a calcitonin/CGRP gene complex. Two isoforms have been described which differ by three amino acids and display similar biological activities: CGRP-α, which is produced by alternative splicing of a…

Cayman’s SOD Assay is a fast and reliable assay for the measurement of SOD activity from plasma, serum, tissue homogenates, and cell lysates. SOD activity is assessed by measuring the dismutation of superoxide radicals generated by xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine in a convenient 96-well…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human retinoic acid receptor gamma (NR1B3), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as RARG or RARγ. INDIGO’s reporter cells…

Urea is the final degradation product of protein and amino acid metabolism. Urea is found in blood and is excreted by the kidney as a component of urine. Besides its role as carrier of waste nitrogen, urea also plays a role in the countercurrent exchange system of the nephrons, allowing for…

The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cells is an important indicator of normal cellular function. It is used as a parameter to study mitochondrial function as well as a marker of factors triggering the switch from healthy oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Oxygen…

Features Allows insulin measurement even in hemolyzed samples Contains insulinase inhibitors to protect sample integrity during collection The main analytical pitfalls in insulin measurement in serum are related to (a) hemolysis, (b) circulating anti-insulin autoantibodies, and, for…

Oxidative stress in the cellular environment results in the formation of highly reactive and unstable lipid hydroperoxides. Decomposition of the unstable peroxides derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids results in the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), which can be quantified colorimetrically…

Cayman’s Autophagy/Cytotoxicity Dual Staining provides a convenient tool for studying the regulation of autophagy and cytotoxicity at the cellular level. The kit employs MDC, an autofluorescent substance incorporated into multilamellar bodies by both an ion trapping mechanism and the…

Lipid peroxidation is a well-established mechanism of cellular injury in both plants and animals and is used as an indicator of oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Lipid peroxides, derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, are unstable and decompose to form a complex series of compounds, which…

Cayman’s Phagocytosis Assay Kit (IgG FITC) employs latex beads coated with fluorescently-labeled rabbit IgG as a probe for the measurement of the phagocytic process in vitro. The engulfed fluorescent beads can be detected using a fluorescence microscope, allowing kinetic studies of…

Complex III (CoQ cytochrome c oxidoreductase) is an essential protein for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Complex III functions as both a gatekeeper for mitochondrial respiration, and as a major source of reactive oxygen species III. It accepts electrons from complexes I and II in the form…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human retinoic acid receptor, beta (NR1B2), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as RARB or RARβ. INDIGO’s reporter cells…

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human retinoic acid receptor, alpha (NR1B1), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as RARA or RARα. INDIGO’s reporter cells…

Catalase is an ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme that is present in most aerobic cells. It is involved in the detoxification of H2O2, a ROS that is a toxic product of both normal aerobic metabolism and pathogenic ROS production. Cayman’s Catalase Assay utilizes the peroxidatic function of…

Cayman’s MTT Proliferation Assay provides an easy to use tool for studying the induction and inhibition of cell proliferation in any in vitro model. This kit will also allow investigators to screen drug candidates involved in cell cycle regulation. In this assay, MTT is taken up by cells and…

The sirtuins represent a distinct class of trichostatin A-insensitive lysyl-deacetylases (class III HDACs) that catalyze a reaction coupling lysine deacetylation to the formation of nicotinamide and O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. Cayman’s Direct Fluorescent Screening Assay Kits provide a convenient…

This assay has been developed for researchers that do not have experience performing ELISAs. It can be used as a practice tool allowing you to become comfortable with running Cayman ELISAs. This kit contains enough reagents to run at least four complete standard curves.

NADPH is an essential cofactor for the function of the NOS enzyme. Unfortunately, NADPH interferes with the chemistry of the Griess reagents, which are the most commonly used reagents for nitrite detection. This kit uses Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) to oxidize the excess NADPH used in a…

Water used for the preparation of EIA reagents and buffers.

GPx catalyzes the reduction of hydroperoxides, including H2O2, using reduced glutathione and thereby functions to protect the cell from oxidative damage. Cayman’s Glutathione Peroxidase Assay measures GPx activity indirectly by a coupled reaction with GR. Oxidized GSSG, produced upon…

Uric acid (urate) is the end product of human purine metabolism and is mainly excreted in urine. Many factors, including genetic components and acquired factors, such as obesity and alcohol consumption, influence serum uric acid concentrations. Hyperuricemia induces or facilitates gout, kidney…