A cell permeable, competitive inhibitor of HIF-PH with effective concentrations in the low µM range.

DGLA is a metabolite produced by chain elongation of the essential fatty acid γ-linolenic acid. Ethyl DGLA is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble, but more ammenable for the formulation of DGLA-containing diets and dietary supplements. DGLA has been advanced as…

A minor alkaloid produced in plants of the Solanaceae family, including tobacco; detection in urine is used as an indicator of tobacco use; diminishes Aβ production, reduces the transcription and protein levels of β-secretase, and dose dependently inhibits NF-κB activation.

Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid and one of the most abundant PUFAs in the western diet. Deficiencies in linoleic acid are linked to defective wound healing, growth retardation, and dermatitis. Linoleic acid is metabolized by 15-LO in both plants and animals to form 9- and 13-HODE.

An elongation product of γ-linolenic acid (18:3), rapidly metabolized by fatty acid desaturases to produce arachidonic acid (20:4); metabolized through the cyclooxygenase pathway to produce 1-series prostaglandins; can reduce atopic dermatitis and atherosclerosis when added to the diet of mice.

The trans isomer of the 16:1 fatty acid palmitoleic acid.

A potent, stable, and selective agonist analog of AEA with a Ki value of 2.2 nM at the isolated rat CB1 receptor; 325 times more potent at the CB1 receptor compared with the CB2 receptor; induces hypothermia in mice with the same efficacy as AEA, in spite of its much higher affinity for the CB1…

An endogenous CB neurotransmitter that binds to both CB1 and CB2 receptors.

EPA is an ω-3 fatty acid abundantly available in marine organisms. It is a poor substrate for COX-1. EPA has been shown to offer protection against coronary heart disease, thrombosis, ischemic brain injury, scaly dermatitis, and some inflammatory diseases.

Ameliorates depression, reduces dopamine-induced neurotoxicity, and attenuates damage in a model of stroke; blocks autophagy, reduces inflammation, and inhibits apoptosis in isolated neurons and in brains; induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells.

A plant growth regulator involved in the signaling mechanisms for a variety of conditions including plant defense, wound healing, tuberization, fruit ripening, and senescence.

An N-acylethanolamide that inhibits dietary-restriction-induced lifespan extension in wild type and TOR pathway mutant nematodes; also has anti-inflammatory properties, suppressing the expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide.

A potent anti-mitotic drug that is 100-fold more active than resveratrol at inhibiting the growth of human colon cancer Caco-2 cells; inhibits tubulin polymerization in a dose-dependent manner (IC₅₀ = 4 μM) and enzymes involved in the synthesis of the polyamines, putrescine, and spermidine.

A “hybrid” analog which incorporates components of both the AEA-like and dopaminergic neurotransmitter pathways; is nearly inactive as a TRPV1 ligand and fails to elicit hyperalgesic or nocifensive responses in vivo; exhibits an “entourage” effect at concentrations of 0.1-10…

ALA is an essential fatty acid found in leafy green vegetables. ALA, as part of a low saturated fat diet, helps prevent cardiovascular disease. ALA decreases blood pressure, serum cholesterol levels, and platelet aggregation.

An essential fatty acid and the most abundant ω-3 fatty acid in neural tissues, especially in the retina and brain; constitutes as much as 40% of the total PUFA pool in retinal and neuronal membranes; dietary supplementation via fish oil inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis and delays…

Keystone essential fatty acid that is converted by COX, LO, and epoxygenase enzymes into more than 150 potent metabolites in species ranging from fungi to plants to mammals.

Docosatrienoic acid is a rare ω-3 fatty acid not readily detected in normal phospholipid PUFA pools. It inhibits [3H]-LTB4 binding to pig neutrophils at a concentration of 5 µM.

An analog of AEA that potentiates the activity of endogenous AEA by blocking its re-uptake into presynaptic neurons; selectively inhibits the carrier-mediated transport of AEA without affecting anandamide hydrolysis; inhibits the transport of AEA with an IC₅₀ value of 1 µM in rat…

3-HPA is an analog of AM404, which is a selective inhibitor of carrier-mediated transport of AEA. 3-HPA is metabolized by both COX-1 and COX-2 and also selectively and irreversibly inhibits COX-2 with an IC50 value of 2 µM.

A natural sesquiterpene that inhibits the proliferation of a wide range of tumors and enhances the effects of various chemotherapies; 10-40 µg/ml dose-dependently induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in HepG2 cells, upregulating Fas/FasL expression.

13(Z)-Docosenoic acid is a 22-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid. It is found predominantly in canola oil. 13(Z)-Docosenoic acid is metabolized to oleic acid in vivo. Diets rich in 13(Z)-docosenoic acid were shown to cause heart lipidosis in experimental animals. The C-1 amide of docosenoic acid has…

An uncommon, naturally occurring PUFA, inhibits the binding of [3H]-LTB4 to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki value of 3 µM.

An analog of AEA in which the alcohol of the ethanolamide group has been replaced with a fluorine atom, which increases the binding affinity and selectivity for the CB1 receptor; in vivo activity is enhanced much less than the binding affinity, because it is rapidly hydrolyzed by FAAH.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl ethanol is a phenolic component of olive oil that inhibits both 12- and 5-LO. The IC₅₀ values for the inhibition of rat platelet 12-LO and rat neutrophil 5-LO are 4.2 and 13 µM, respectively. It does not inhibit, and may actually enhance, COX activity.…

A more lipid-soluble form of EPA.

A monounsaturated long chain fatty acid with potential antitumor and p53 inhibitory activity.

Ricinoleic acid is a naturally occurring 12-hydroxy fatty acid. It constitutes about 90% of the fatty acids in castor oil. Ricinoleic acid can serve as a substrate for the synthesis of conjugated linoleic acids. It is considered safe and non-toxic as a food constituent in humans, up to a daily…

Linoleic acid is a PUFA prevalent in the western diet. The peroxide free linoleic acid is protected from autoxidation by the antioxidant BHT (2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene). Linoleic acid is also available without BHT (Item No. 90150).

A simple α-amide conjugate between the ω-3 essential fatty acid α-linolenate and the amino acid tyrosine that was prepared as a mechanism for enhancing CNS dopamine content by facilitated transport of the tyrosine precursor across the blood-brain barrier; increased CNS dopamine…

Ricinoleic acid methyl ester is a neutral, more lipophilic form of the free acid that can be used as an analytical standard for ricinoleic acid.

A naturally occurring trans-fatty acid found in ruminant animals that is converted to 9(Z),11(E)-conjugated linoleic acid in mammals; reported to have beneficial antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, and antitumor activities.