50 g, Biologically Active Small Molecules
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Aminoguanidine (hydrochloride)
Cayman ChemicalAminoguanidine is equipotent to L-NMMA and L-NNA as an inhibitor of iNOS. The IC50 values for inhibition of mouse iNOS and rat nNOS are 5.4 and 160 µM, respectively. Aminoguanidine also inhibits induction of iNOS protein expression by endotoxin in rat macrophages.
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Chrysin
Cayman ChemicalA natural flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties; inhibits HIF-1α expression in cancer cells; decreases pro-inflammatory gene expression and oxidative stress in ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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5-Fluorouracil
Cayman ChemicalA pyrimadine analog that irreversibly inhibits thymidylate synthase, blocking the synthesis of thymidine which is required for DNA synthesis; widely used to treat many gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinomas.
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Vitamin K3
Cayman ChemicalA precursor to Vitamin K2 that is capable of both redox cycling and arylating nucleophilic substrates by Michael addition; used as an antihemorrhagic agent and to inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cells.
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Ciprofloxacin is a second generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic that exhibits antibacterial activity against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication.
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Bromophenol Blue
Cayman ChemicalCommonly used as a pH indicator, a color marker in agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and a dye to detect proteins and nucleic acids (absorbance at 610 nm), particularly when staining living tissues.
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L-Ascorbic Acid
Cayman ChemicalA naturally occurring electron donor for eight different enzymes, including those related to collagen hydroxylation, carnitine synthesis (which aids in the generation of ATP), norepinephrine synthesis, tyrosine metabolism, and amidating peptides.
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Guaiacol
Cayman ChemicalGuaiacol is a phenolic natural product first isolated from Guaiac resin and the oxidation of lignin. Guaiacol is readily oxidized by the heme iron of peroxidases including the peroxidase of COX enzymes. It can therefore serve as a reducing co-substrate for COX reactions. The one-electron oxidation…
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Protocatechuic Acid
Cayman ChemicalA dihydroxybenzoic acid phenolic compound that demonstrates free radical scavenging capability (IC50 = 16.3 μM) in a DPPH radical scavenging activity assay; possesses anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, neuroprotective, and anticancer activities.
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Promethazine (hydrochloride)
Cayman ChemicalA first generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist (Ki = 2.6 nM) that also inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (Ki = 22 nM); penetrates the CNS, depressing central H1 receptor activity, which may relate to its sedative properties.
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Luminol
Cayman ChemicalA cyclic diacyl hydrazide that exhibits chemiluminescence upon oxidation; HRP combined with H2O2 causes luminescent peroxidation of luminol; can also be oxidized, and chemiluminesce, by compounds containing iron, copper, gold, and cyanide.
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ß-Carotene
Cayman ChemicalA red/orange-colored fat-soluble terpenoid with antioxidant properties; can be cleaved to produce vitamin A and retinoic acid.
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2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Cayman ChemicalAn inhibitor of respiration in animals and bacteria; binds at the quinone reduction site of succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR; Complex II) in animals, preventing ubiquinone from binding; inhibits NADH fumarate reductase in bacteria; inhibits photosystem II in plants.
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Propylthiouracil
Cayman ChemicalA derivative of thiouracil which has long been used to correct hyperthyroidism; also used as a genetic marker for taste, since only some people detect it as a bitter taste.
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ß-Glycerophosphate (sodium salt hydrate)
Cayman ChemicalA protein phosphatase inhibitor that acts as a phosphate group donor in matrix mineralization studies; 10 mM accelerates calcification of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells through an alkaline phosphatase-related mechanism.
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Retinyl Acetate
Cayman ChemicalA natural form of vitamin A that is thermally more stable than retinol; can reduce cell proliferation and promote differentiation.
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Ampicillin (sodium salt)
Cayman ChemicalAn antibacterial antibiotic that acts by interfering directly with the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, which constitutes the major component of the bacterial cell wall, leading to structural instability and death of bacteria; used as a selective antibiotic for resistant bacteria.
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Chlorhexidine (hydrochloride)
Cayman ChemicalAn an antimicrobial agent that is often used in antiseptics and dental products such as toothpaste and mouthwash; inhibits MMP-2, -8, and -9.
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Ciprofloxacin (hydrochloride)
Cayman ChemicalA fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used as an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agent; functions by inhibiting DNA A fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used as an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agent; functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase (a type II topoisomerase) and topoisomerase IV, the…
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D-myo-Inositol
MP BiomedicalsD-myo-Inositol is a growth factor for animals as well as microorganisms. Myo-Inositol is the most abundant form of polyols that serves as a structural element of secondary messengers in eukaryotic cells. Inositol or cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol is a chemical compound, a sixfold alcohol (polyol) of…
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Tetrazolium (chloride)
Cayman ChemicalA redox indicator used to detect cellular respiration; primarily reduced by Complex I in mitochondria and, under anaerobic conditions, is completely reduced to an insoluble red 1,3,5-triphenylformazan.
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Oxytetracycline
Cayman ChemicalA broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Trimethoprim
Cayman ChemicalA synthetic antibiotic that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), with prominent selectivity for bacterial DHFR over mammalian DHFR (IC50s = 5 and 30,000 nM, respectively); commonly used in combination with sulfamethoxazole to minimize acquired resistance.
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Salicin
Cayman ChemicalAn alcoholic β-glucoside derived from willow bark that produces anti-inflammatory (including analgesic and antipyretic) effects similar to that of aspirin by non-selectively inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2 (IC50s > 100 µM).
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Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (sodium salt)
Cayman ChemicalA central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo, providing the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serving as a coenzyme in a wide array of enzymatic reactions; acts a substrate for kinases involved in cell signaling and of adenylate cyclases that produce the second messenger cAMP.
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Tyramine
Cayman ChemicalA trace amine that activates TAAR1 (EC50s = 0.08, 0.69, and 2.26 µM for rat, mouse, and human-rat chimera receptors, respectively); inhibits the release of norepinephrine and dopamine (IC50s = 40.6 and 119 nM, respectively).
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Quercetin
Cayman ChemicalA flavonoid compound found in the bark and rinds of many plants and fruits.
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Ponceau S (sodium salt)
Cayman ChemicalA stain that permits the rapid, reversible detection of proteins immobilized on various matrices; used to locate proteins or evaluate efficiency of transfer, or an alternative to actin probing as a loading control; also used as a fiducial marker in mass spectrometric imaging.
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Coomassie Blue R-250
Cayman ChemicalA dye that is commonly used in laboratories to stain or quantify proteins; typically gives blue bands on a clear background with a sensitivity of 50-100 ng/band; displays metachromasia by appearing pink-red, rather than blue, when binding certain proteins, such as collagen and histone H1.
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Brilliant Blue G
Cayman ChemicalA dye which stains proteins in gels with ease and sensitivity; used in the Bradford to quantify the amount of protein in a solution; selectively inhibits P2X7 (IC50s = 10.1 nM and 265 nM for rat and human P2X7, respectively) and reduces neurological injury secondary to traumatic brain…
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Sodium Butyrate
Cayman ChemicalA short chain fatty acid that inhibits HDACs, induces growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis in cancer cells, and suppresses inflammation by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.