Aflatoxins are mycotoxins found in foods and livestock feeds that were initially produced by species of Aspergillus. Aflatoxin M1 is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1; it inhibits DNA synthesis and induces cell cycle arrest.

A glycylcycline antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against many Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic organisms, including many multidrug-resistant strains.

A blue non-fluorescent dye that is used as an oxidation-reduction indicator in cell viability assays in a variety of cells; can be reduced to the highly red-fluorescent product resorufin (excitation: 530-540 nm; emission: 585-595 nm) and used as a quantifiable detection agent in enzyme activity or…

A competitive HDAC inhibitor that inhibits HDAC1 (IC50 = 0.25 μM) and HDAC3 (IC50 = 0.30 μM); causes cell differentiation, cell cycle arrest, or apoptosis.

ProClin biocides are immediately microstatic upon contact with microbial organisms as a result of their ability to quickly penetrate cell membranes and inhibit specific enzymes crucial to cellular respiration. Multiple specific sites of ProClin toxicity prevent microorganisms from developing high…

D-myo-Inositol-1,3,4,5-tetraphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)-P4) is formed by the phosphorylation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate 3-kinase. Ins(1,3,4,5)-P4 increases intracellular calcium levels by two distinct mechanisms: opening calcium channels on both the endoplasmic reticulum to release…

Selective inhibitor of CYP2C9 (Ki = 0.3 μM); inhibit endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor synthase, a CYP450 isozyme in the porcine coronary artery homologous to CYP2C8/9 that generates reactive oxygen species in coronary endothelial cells and modulates vascular tone and homeostasis.

A nutlin-3 analog; inhibits the growth of HCT116 cells at high concentrations (IC50 = ~8 µM); promotes the growth of HCT116 cells ~40% at concentrations between 5-100 nM.

A corrinoid vitamin with roles in brain and nervous system functioning and blood formation through regulation of DNA synthesis, cellular metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism; serves as a cofactor in isomerase-, methyltransferase-, and dehalogenase-catalyzed reactions,…

A cell-permeable, water-soluble derivative of vitamin E with potent antioxidant properties; commonly used as a standard or positive control in antioxidant assays.

Naturally occuring mycotoxin and food contaminant that induces the transversion of G to T at codon 249 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and is a likely pathogen that causes hepatocellular carcinoma.

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is commonly used as a food and cosmetics additive; it exhibits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. BHT may also display neuroprotective benefit, decreasing ethanol-induced brain damage and neurodegeneration and suppressing activation of NF-?B activation…

Lecithin is the major membrane phospholipid in eukaryotic cells. In addition to being the major structural component of cellular membranes, it serves as a reservoir for several lipid messengers. It is the source of the bioactive lipids lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol,…

A sympathomimetic β2-adrenoceptor agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and at higher doses acts as an anabolic steroid, promoting skeletal muscle protein synthesis.

An epimer of (−)-EGC and potent antioxidant; significantly inhibits the proliferation of HCT116 and SW-480 cancer cells; inhibits the aggregation of amyloid β peptide in vitro (IC₅₀ = 17.5 µM).

A fibrate that acts as a lipid-lowering agent, decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides; displays high affinity for L-FABP (K_i = 24 nM); exhibits EC₅₀ values of 18 and 30 µM for murine and human PPARα, respectively, in a transactivation assay.

Activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ki = 5.4 µM), inducing the expression of both detoxifying enzymes, resulting in pyocyanin degradation, and cytokines that facilitate the clearance of bacteria; accelerates neutrophil apoptosis, resulting in resolution of acute inflammation.

Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₂₈N₄O₃

A cell-permeable, selective inhibitor of the HAT p300 (IC₅₀ = 5 µM).

A β-lactamase inhibitor that is effective against Ambler class A β-lactamases (IC₅₀ values range from 12 to 60 nM); commonly used with other antibiotics that would be inactivated by β-lactamases.

Single-use eicosapentaenoic (peroxide free) consists of 10 sealed ampules, each containing >1 ml of ethanolic solution of fatty acid at a concentration of 500 µg/ml. Peroxides were removed by silicic acid chromatography. The headspace in each ampule is purged with argon. Single-use…

CAS Number: 1219803-57-2 Synonyms: Isoflavone-d₄ Molecular Formula: C₁₅H₆D₄O₄ Formula Weight: 258.3

A synthetic intermediate for pharmaceutical synthesis.

An LSD1 inhibitor.

Cafestol is a diterpene initially found in brewed, unfiltered coffee that exhibits anti-angiogenic, anticancer, chemopreventive, neuromodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and hyperlipidemic activities. Cafestol inhibits proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro, potentially through decreasing…

An inhibitor of Nrf2-induced gene transcription at the antioxidant response element in cells at 1 to 10 µM; sensitizes lung carcinoma A549 cells to chemotherapeutic agents and inhibits the growth of A549 cells in vitro and in vivo in animals.

A polysaccharide made of α-D-glucose units that constitutes about 20% of starch; acts as an indicator, turning blue in the presence of iodine, and has also been coupled to magnetic beads for the isolation and purification of maltose-binding protein fusion proteins.

An inhibitor of DPP-4 (IC₅₀ = 3.5-34 nM); also inhibits DPP-8 and DPP-9 (Ki = 810 and 95 nM, respectively) but not DPP-2 or FAPα; blocks the degradation of several circulating peptides, including incretins; reduces fasting and postprandial glucose levels and decreases inflammatory…

A β-adrenergic receptor agonist that putatively through activation of protein kinase A increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle fibers, as well as reduces lipogenesis and increases lipolysis in adipose tissues; used as a veterinary food additive to increase lean body weight in commercial…

10ml of 250 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, containing 750 mM sodium chloride, 5% NP-40, 2.5% sodium deoxycholate, and 0.5% SDS

A mycotoxin produced by A. ochraceus, A. carbonarius, and P. verrucosum that is commonly found as a food contaminant (Tolerable Weekly Intake = 100 ng/kg body weight per day); triggers nephropathy, induces renal adenomas, and initiates skin tumors through events involving oxidative stress,…

A red dye that can be used as an alternative to Gram staining; inhibits MRSA growth in vitro at 100 µg/ml; modulates channel activity of wild-type CFTR (Ki = 38 µM) and mutant delta F508 CFTR (Ki = 33 µM).