A tricyclic antidepressant that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine and acts as an antagonist at histamine, serotonin, adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors with Ki values in the nanomolar range.

A monobactam antibiotic that is effective against Gram-negative bacteria but inactive against Gram-positive bacteria.

A glucosamine-nitrosourea which is commonly used to induce experimental diabetes in animals; specifically targets beta cells, entering via the glucose transporter GLUT2 and causing alkylation of DNA, leading to the destruction of beta cells.

A tyrosine kinase inhibitor which acts on EGFR, inhibiting EGFR-associated kinase activity (IC50 = 2.5 µM) and tumor growth in human HN5 tumor xenografts in mice with an ED50 value of 9 mg/kg; drug form of Erlotinib, Tarceva™, is used to treat certain forms of cancer.

A glycopeptide antibiotic identified for its utility in the treatment of gram-positive bacteria, including penicillin-resistant staphylococci; binds to bacterial cell wall precursors, interfering with their synthesis.

An aminoglycosidic antibiotic that is commonly used for the selection of genetically engineered cells neo neon toxic prokaryotic genes eukaryotic cells.

2-(hydroxymethyl)-Pyrimidine is a synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

A synthetic cytokinin used as a media supplement to regulate growth in woody plant tissue cultures and micropropagations; concentrations below 1 µM promote axillary proliferation, whereas concentrations above 1 µM can stimulate the formation of callus, adventitious shoots, or somatic embryos.

A compound used to attach biotin to primary amines, such as lysines on the surface of proteins, under alkaline conditions (pH~8-9).

β-estradiol is a potent mammalian estrogenic hormone produced by the ovary. Triggers the production of gonadotropins leading to ovulation. β-Estradiol is used to study cell differentiation and transformations (tumorigenicity). The pharmacology and HPLC determination of β-Estradiol…

A natural retinoid that associates with CRBP-I and CRBP-II (Kds = 50 and 90 nM, respectively), which are involved in the intracellular transport of retinol; an intermediate of the phototransduction pathway of photoreceptors; can form toxic conjugates with proteins and lipids, leading to…

Hydrocortisone, a primary glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. It has three times the anti-inflammatory potency of corticosterone but much lower Na2+ retention potency. Hydrocortisone, known more formally as cortisone (INN, USAN, BAN), is a steroid hormone, produced by the zona…

A fluorescent probe which stains dsRNA in living or fixed cells as well as in tissues; amenable to FC; maximum excitation is at 540-550 nm, with maximum emission at 560-580 nm.

An inhibitor of human recombinant PDE5 (IC₅₀ = 5.9 µM); used to treat erectile dysfunction and has been shown to have anti-cancer and antioxidant activity; induces differentiation of cardiomyocytes and increases the proliferation and differentiation of cultured human osteoblasts.

An odorless, selective, and water-soluble reducing agent that is commonly used in many laboratory applications; commonly used to rapidly reduce protein and peptide disulfide bonds.

A non-selective α-adrenergic receptor antagonist with pKi values of 8.5, 9, and 8.4 for human α1A, α1B, and α1D adrenoceptors, respectively; used to relax smooth muscles of the prostate in clinical studies designed to examine treatments that improve lower urinary tract…

A fluorogenic substrate of β-glucuronidase that upon cleavage yields a blue fluorescent end product that can be monitored by UV light; typically used in the GUS reporter system for fluorescent detection of β-glucuronidase gene expression in E. coli and transformed plants.

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a derivative of carnitine that enables functions of CoA and plays a significant role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Acetyl-L-carnitine exhibits antidepressant, neuroprotective, analgesic, and antinociceptive activities. In vivo, acetyl-L-carnitine acetylates p65,…

A lysosomal condensation product that selectively eliminates dipeptidyl peptidase I-expressing immune cells, including cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells.

A selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator used as adjuvant therapy for estrogen-dependent breast cancer; increases ER activity in bone, uterus, and the cardiovasculature system as it decreases ER activity in breast tissues; metabolized by CYP450 enzymes to active metabolites; alters cholesterol…

A synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

An H2S donor commonly used in cellular and whole animal experimental systems.

An N-acetylglucosamine derivative that has been shown to promote hyaluronic acid production.

A bacteriocin, a natural polycyclic antibacterial peptide, also called a lantibiotic; particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria and commonly used as a food preservative.

An antimycotic prodrug that is converted by cytosine deaminase to 5-fluorouracil, a cytotoxic drug that inhibits viral infections and has cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.

Norethindrone is a synthetic progestin that possesses antiestrogenic effects, where in low doses it is progestational and in high doses it is antiestrogenic. It also causes a time-dependent loss of cytochrome P-450 when incubated in vitro with rat liver microsomal fractions and NADPH-generating…

A monosaccharide derivative of glucose that is released by the action of O-GlcNAcase, in mammalian systems, from proteins that have been post-translationally modified with O-GlcNAc; also is the monomeric unit of chitin, which is found in fungi and many inverebrates, including crustaceans, insects,…

GSH is a tripeptide (γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine) widely distributed in both plants and animals. GSH serves as a nucleophilic co-substrate to glutathione transferases in the detoxification of xenobiotics and is an essential electron donor to glutathione peroxidases in the reduction of…

An analog of thalidomide that, at 10 μM, alters gene expression and cell viability in a range of cancer cell lines; induces proliferation and enhances the functional capacity of T-lymphocytes, amplifying co-stimulatory signaling pathways.

A cell-permeable substrate for aminopeptidase M and leucine aminopeptidase that was developed for intracellular analysis of protease activities.

Pure Canavalia ensiformis lectin (Con A) from Jackbean. Isolated by affinity chromatography on cross-linked dextran. Con A exists as a dimer below pH 5.0 and and at pH >7 it exists as a tetramer. Con-A is not a glycoprotein. The monomeric molecular weight of Con-A is 25,500. Con-A does not…

A cyclic oligosaccharide containing seven D-(+)-glucopyranose units that is widely used to improve the aqueous solubility of various compounds, especially those containing a phenyl group.