A potent pan inhibitor of class I catalytic subunits of PI3K, inhibiting p110α, β, δ, and γ with IC50 values of 3, 33, 3, and 75 nM, respectively; inhibits the growth of certain types of cancer cells, and blocks signaling through PI3K to Akt, both in cells and in vivo.

An analog of trimethoxy resveratrol; inhibits the growth of a variety of human tumor cell lines at concentrations form 0.4 to 2 µg/ml, which is 5-6 times more potent than resveratrol

A fluorescent indicator of peroxynitrite formation; neither NO, superoxide, nor hydrogen peroxide alone appear to oxidize DCFH.

A variety of natural products from plant sources, particularly flavonoids, have long been observed to have antioxidant activity with potential benefits for human health. Antioxidant triterpenes are less common. Celastrol is a triterpenoid antioxidant compound isolated from the Chinese thunder god…

Mn(III)TBAP is a cell-permeable SOD mimic. At a concentration of 30 µM, it decreases the doubling time of SOD-null E. coli. by 2-fold.

An orally active broad spectrum antifungal agent that blocks ergosterol biosynthesis by inhibiting the fungal CYP isoform CYP51; potently inhibits the mammalian analog CYP51A1 (IC₅₀ = 63.5 nM), as well as a variety of other CYP isoforms.

A selective NMDA receptor antagonist (Kd = 1.4 μM) that competitively inhibits the glutamate binding site of NMDA receptors; widely used to study the activity of NMDA receptors particularly in regard to researching synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.

An oxidizing reagent that reacts with nitric oxide to form nitric dioxide and corresponding imino nitroxides.

An analog of folic acid and aminopterin that is used in the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, ectopic pregnancy, and for the induction of medical abortions; induces adenosine release, inhibits the metabolism of folic acid, and blocks key enzymes in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines…

n-Triacontanol is a plant growth regulator found in the plant cuticle waxes and in beeswax as the palmitate ester. n-Triacontanol has been reported to have growth enhancing properties when applied to the leaves of growing plants.

A second generation antiepileptic compound used to prevent convulsions in a variety of settings; binds the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A (pIC₅₀ = 5.7), presumably altering vesicle exocytosis; alters the metabolism and turnover of GABA.

An intravenous β-lactam antibiotic that is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs range from 0.008-0.13 µg/ml); highly resistant to degradation by β-lactamases.

A dihydropyridine used as an antihypertensive agent due to its ability to block L-type and T-type calcium channels; also binds to adenosine A₁, A_2A, and A₃ receptors with K_i values of 8.96, 23.0, and 8.3 µM, respectively.

An imidazotetrazine that is converted to a compound capable of alkylating DNA, thus interfering with DNA replication and leading to cytotoxicity in proliferating cells; rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier.

A β-adrenergic receptor agonist with potent positive inotropic effects in vivo; strongest effects on β1 receptors, with lesser but significant β2 receptor activation and only weak α1 receptor actions; strongly increases cardiac contractility.

A powerful effector in both the TetR and revTetR transcriptional regulator systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet; does not act a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic.

A phospholipid containing the tetramethylated long-chain (16:0) diphytanic acid inserted at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions.

A cell permeable analog of BAPTA that binds calcium only after the AM group is removed by cytoplasmic esterases; commonly used at 10-100 μM to evaluate the role of intracellular calcium in cell signaling; also inhibits Kv channels, including Kv1.3, Kv1.5, and Kv11.1 (Ki = 1.45, 1.23, and 1.30…

8-hydroxy Guanine is produced by oxidative damage of DNA or RNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite. It serves as a measure of oxidative stress in biological systems.

A plant lectin that selectively cross-links cell-surface glycoproteins and affects the initiation of cell agglutination, mitogenesis, and apoptosis; widely used in affinity chromatography purifications of various glycoproteins and cellular structures; also used to induce liver injury in…

A potent and selective PPARγ ligand. It binds to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain with a Kd of 43 nM.

A potent PR and GR antagonist with Ki value of approximately 1 nM.

A broad-spectrum, indole-based antiviral compound that blocks viral fusion with target membranes, prohibiting viral entry into cells; effective against numerous viruses, including influenza A, B, and C and hepatitis B and C (IC₅₀s range from 3-12.5 µg/ml).

A phospholipid containing the long-chain (14:0) myristic acid inserted at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions.

A first generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of CML, GIST, and other cancers; selectively targets certain tyrosine kinases, including c-ABL, PDGFR, KIT, and the oncoprotein BCR-ABL.

A major organic tracer generated by burned cellulose; used to evaluate, in atmospheric samples, the burning of wood.

An imidazobenzodiazepine derivative that competitively inhibits benzodiazepine binding to GABAA receptors (IC₅₀ = 2 nM); used to reverse sedation induced by benzodiazepine drugs and is effective in the treatment of benzodiazepine overdose or withdrawal.

A potent anti-mitotic drug that is 100-fold more active than resveratrol at inhibiting the growth of human colon cancer Caco-2 cells; inhibits tubulin polymerization in a dose-dependent manner (IC₅₀ = 4 μM) and enzymes involved in the synthesis of the polyamines, putrescine, and spermidine.

A prodrug that is rapidly catabolized in vivo to 5-fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; inhibits thymidylate synthase (EC₅₀ = 0.6 nM), interfering with DNA synthesis; used to treat various cancers, particularly metastases to the liver.

A reversible inhibitor of serine proteases such as trypsin (Ki = 0.06 pM), chymotrypsin (Ki = 9.5 nM), and kallikrein (Ki = 0.8 nM); widely used as a protein purification tool to prevent proteases present in tissue samples from degrading the protein of interest.

A succinimide that is converted to N-desmethylmethosuximide, a channel blocker that targets low threshold calcium currents; inhibits CYP2C19-mediated metabolism of biguanides; has anticonvulsant properties in clinical trials.

A natural sesquiterpene that inhibits the proliferation of a wide range of tumors and enhances the effects of various chemotherapies; 10-40 µg/ml dose-dependently induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in HepG2 cells, upregulating Fas/FasL expression.