Propidium iodide (PI) is a red-fluorescent cell viability dye which is excluded from live cells as it is impermeable to the cell membrane. The dye intercalates DNA and RNA of the dead cells to give red fluorescent signal as it can penetrate dead or damaged cells to give red fluorescent signal. The…

TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid) is a highly sensitive and rapid chemical used to quantitate the free amino groups. The reaction of TNBS with primary amines generates a highly chromogenic product that can be readily measured at 335nm. Supplied as a 1% solution in methanol. …

Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is a very polar organic compound which used for solubilizing organic and inorganic compounds. In addition, DMSO is used in cell culture as a cryoprotectant added to cell culture medium, to preventformation of ice crystals during freezing of cells. DMSO can be used in…