A long chain saturated fatty acid ethyl ester found in small quantities in liverwort, C. concium.

A natural triterpene which stimulates wound healing; induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells (IC50 = 5.9 µM for MCF-7 cells); blocks angiogenesis in glioblastomas; down regulates BACE1 while increasing ADAM10 maturation in primary rat cortical neurons; protects against…

Can be formed by the dimerization of two molecules of α-trans-cinnamic acid; significantly blocks inflammatory pain while having little effect on neurogenic pain, as indicated by the formalin test in mice.

A β-adrenergic receptor agonist with potent positive inotropic effects in vivo; strongest effects on β1 receptors, with lesser but significant β2 receptor activation and only weak α1 receptor actions; strongly increases cardiac contractility.

A pan-caspase inhibitor that blocks apoptosis, prevents the production of cytokines, and inhibits T cell proliferation dose-dependently at 1-100 μM.

A dual purpose probe; a chemiluminescent probe that detects superoxide production by enzymatic and cellular sources; a fluorescent chloride-sensitive indicator, with fluorescence being quenched by chloride (excitation: 455 nm; emission: 505 nm).

An antipsychotic compound that displays high affinity for dopamine receptors (Kis = 2.4, 0.2, and 1.8 nM for D2, D3, and D4, respectively); also has actions as an antagonist, inverse agonist, or channel blocker, with lower affinities, at other receptors and channels.

A derivative of fluphenazine that contains an alkylating chlorethylamine chain, which produces irreversible protein binding; a relatively selective, irreversible antagonist of D2 receptors both in vitro (IC₅₀ = 100 nM) and in vivo; irreversibly inhibits calmodulin at higher doses…

An irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase that suppresses polyamine biosynthesis; displays antiangiogenic, cytostatic, and antiparasitic effects.

A nonpurine inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase (Ki = 0.7 nM) that has proven effective in lowering serum urate levels when administered to manage hyperuricemia in patients with gout.

A fluorescent probe that can react with ONOO-, HOCl, and H2O2 in a similar manner to CBA, yet is formulated for improved solubility.

AMT is a potent, relatively selective inhibitor of iNOS with a Ki of 4.2 nM in mouse macrophages. It inhibits other isoforms of NOS, but at higher concentrations; the IC₅₀ values for rat nNOS and bovine eNOS are 34 and 150 nM, respectively.

A selective inhibitor of human collagenase-3, also known as MMP-13, producing 89% inhibition at 10 µg/ml; used to evaluate the role of MMP-13 in diverse processes.

Functions as a potent laxative by inducing chloride secretion in colonic mucosa and releasing acetylcholine, which stimulates contraction of intestinal smooth muscle; also demonstrates anti-tumor activity (ED50s = 1-13 µM), inducing apoptosis in various cancer cells.

A pyridine regio-isomer of GSK-J1 which poorly inhibits JMJD3 (IC50 > 100 μM), making it an appropriate negative control for in vitro studies involving GSK-J1.

A NO donor with a half-life of three hours at 37°C, pH 7.4; liberates two moles of NO per mole of parent compound.

Best known as a potent dual inhibitor of c-Src and Abl (IC50 = 1.2 and 1.0 nM, respectively); can be effective in regulating tumor growth and differentiation; also inhibits other members of the Src and TEC families and certain other kinases at nanomolar concentrations.

A small molecule that stimulates the expression of PGC-1α and downstream genes in skeletal muscle cells, improving glucose utilization and fatty acid oxidation at a concentration of 20 μM; 15 mg/kg/day administered to diabetic db/db mice improved glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance, and…

A secondary metabolite produced by some species of lichen that binds FAS-II enzymes to produce antibacterial and antiplasmodial effects; inhibits PfFabZ and PfFabI (IC₅₀ = 10.7 and 36.1 µM, respectively) but shows low efficacy against the malaria parasite P. berghei…

An organic polysulfide compound found in garlic that acts as an H2S donor; reduces the survival of prostate cancer PC-3 cells (IC50 = 22 μM) and inhibits the growth of human colon adenocarcinoma HCT15 cells (IC50 = 11.5 μM); suppresses the growth of PC-3 xenografts in vivo in mice and induces…

An inhibitor of both CDK1 and CDK2 (IC₅₀s =2.9 and 2.2 µM, respectively); inhibits cellular ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-realted kinase activity (IC₅₀ = 6.7 µM) and impairs G2/M arrest in various human cancer cells, potentiating the cytotoxic effects of…

A reversible, selective, allosteric antagonist of mGluR7 that blocks agonist-induced calcium mobilization (IC₅₀ = 26 nM).

A GABAA receptor agonist whose potency varies depending on the receptor subunit composition (partial agonist at α1β2γ2 (ED50 = 143 µM), full agonist at α5 (ED50 = 28-129 µM), and super agonist at α4β3δ (ED50 = 6 µM)); acts as an antagonist…

An aminothiazole that acts as a SIRT-rearranging ligand to selectively inhibit SIRT2 (IC₅₀ = 140 nM) without effect on SIRT1 or SIRT3-6; increases α-tubulin acetylation in HeLa cells.

A potent and selective G9a HMTase inhibitor (IC50 = 6 nM; Ki = 63 pM); more than 40,000-fold selective for G9a over SET7/9, SET8, PRMT3, and JMJD2E.

5-Bromotetralone is a synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid is a species of LPA containing oleic acid at the sn-1 position. Phosphatidic acid is produced either directly through the action of PLD or through a two step process involving liberation of DAG by PLC followed by phosphorylation of DAG by diglycerol kinase.{2656}…

A substrate for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process and the synthesis of DNA during DNA replication; participates in G-protein-related signal transduction where it is converted to GDP through the action of GTPases.

A bioactive saponin used in traditional Chinese medicine; has diverse protective effects for the cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and nervous systems.

A major milk oligosaccharides that avidly bind several viral strains, including strains of influenza, HIV-1, reovirus, and polyomavirus; used to differentiate and characterize the binding domains of viruses that recognize N-acetylneuraminic acid-capped cell surface receptors; also used as an…

A potent, selective antagonist of the β2-adrenergic receptor (Ki = 0.7 nM for the β2 receptor, compared with 49.5 and 611 nM for β1 and β3 receptors, respectively); active in vivo and often used to evaluate the actions of adrenergic receptor agonists.

PGE1 is the theoretical COX metabolite of DGLA, but it is virtually undetectable in the plasma of normal humans or other animals. Its pharmacology includes vasodilation, hypotension, and anti-platelet activities. The IC₅₀ of PGE1 for the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet…