The systemic mycoses that are responsible for coccidiodomycosis, histoplasmosis and blastomycosis infections (1), although unrelated generically, morphologically and culturally, have one characteristic in common, that of dimorphism. The dimorphic organisms involved exist in nature as the…

Antibiotic Assay media are used in the performance of antibiotic assays. Grove and Randall have elucidated those antibiotic assays and media in their comprehensive treatise on antibiotic assays (1). Schmidt and Moyer have reported the use of antibiotic assay medium for the liquid formulation used…

The goal of susceptibility test is to predict through an in vitro assessment the likelihood of successfully treating a patient's infection with a particular antimicrobial agent (1). The Mueller Hinton formulation was originally developed as a simple, transparent agar medium for the cultivation of…

Nitrate Agar is prepared in accordance with the formula published in Pure Culture Study of Bacteria of the Society of American Bacteriologist (1). The ability to reduce nitrate is valuable for differentiating and identifying various types of bacteria especially Enterobacteriaceae family (2).…

Granulated SIM Medium is for determination of hydrogen sulphide production, indole formation and motility of enteric bacilli.

This medium is also known as cystine glucose blood agar and is the most suitable medium for isolating F.tularensis. Haemoglobin provides additional nutrients and growth factors. This medium also supports growth of gram-negative cocci and other pathogenic microorganisms without additional…

Phenol Red Broth Medium is formulated as per Vera (2) and is recommended to determine the fermentation reaction of carbohydrates for the differentiation of microorganisms (3, 4, 5). Phenol Red Broth Medium with various carbohydrates serves as a differential medium by aiding in differentiation of…

Haemophilus Test agar base is recommended for the susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae. It has low levels of the nucleotide thymidine, which allows testing of trimethoprim or sulphamethoxazole. This medium is also recommended by CLSI for both dilution and disc diffusion assays.…

Coliform organism is a term used to designate the lactose-fermenting Enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli and Enterobacter . Enterobacteriaceae forms a large group of gram-negative bacteria that inhabit intestinal tract of warmblooded animals. Therefore they constitute the major microbial…

Streptococci are spherical, gram-positive bacteria and form a part of the normal commensal flora of the mouth, skin, intestine, upper respiratory tract of humans. Streptococci found in the faeces form the faecal Streptococci and constitute of Streptococci with group D Lancefield antigens. The types…

Plate Count Agar is equivalent to the medium recommended by APHA for the isolation of microorganisms in milk and other dairy products (1). Casein enzymic hydrolysate provides amino acids and other complex nitrogenous substances. Yeast extract supplies Vitamin B complex. APHA recommends pour…

Lecithin agar is recommended for detection of bacterial contamination of surfaces in unprotected and protected areas. It is recommended by APHA for use in microbial testing of water. This medium is recommended for screening cosmetic products for microbial contamination. Application: For Laboratory…

Granulated Sabouraud Dextrose Agar Medium 3 is for cultivation of yeasts, moulds and aciduric microorganisms in accordance with IP 2010.

Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is one of the most common types of human food borne illness (1). The foods usually involved are cooked meat or poultry products containing large numbers of viable cells. A heat- labile enterotoxin produced only by sporulating cells (2) induces the major…

5X Minimum Salts is recommended for use in cultivation of recombinant strains of Escherichia coli. This medium prepared based on the formulation of Davis et al and is used in cultivation of recombinant strains of Escherichia coli. Ammonium chloride is added as a nitrogen source. Glucose serves as…

McClung Toabe HiVeg™ agar base is recommended for detection and isolation of Clostridium perfringens from food samples on the basis of their lecithinase and lipase activity. Lecithinase enzyme lyses egg yolk lecithin, producing an opaque zone of precipitation surrounding the slightly raised…

Casman Broth Base is used for isolation of fastidious microorganisms from clinical specimens under reduced oxygen tension. Proteose peptone, tryptose and HM Peptone B provide amino acids and other complex nitrogenous nutrients. Dextrose improves growth of pathogenic cocci. Corn starch prevents…

Anaerobic Basal Broth is used for the growth of anaerobic microorganisms, particularly Bacteroides species and other fastidious anaerobes.Hemin and Vitamin K in the medium serves as essential growth factors for Bacteroides species. Sodium succinate helps to improve the growth of Bacteroides…

Eugonic agar is recommended for cultivation of fastidious microorganisms like Haemophilus, Neisseria, Pasteurella, Brucella and Lactobacillus species. The colony appears larger on Eugonic agar than on Tryptone Soya agar due to high concentration of sulfur and carbon sources. The combination of high…

Broth used for selective enrichment and enumeration of coliforms.

Listeria Selective agar (Twin Pack) is recommended for selective isolation and cultivation of Listeria species from clinical specimens. Thiaminium dichloride is the vitamin B source added to improve the growth of Listeria. Thiocyanate and Nalidixic acid inhibits gram-negative bacteria. Listeria…

Escherichia coli is commonly used as a model organism for bacteria in general. Because of its ubiquity, E. coli is frequently studied in microbiology and is the current “workhorse” in molecular biology. E. coli plays an important role in modern biological engineering. Researchers can alter the…

Agar used for the identification of gram-negative enteric bacilli on the basis of dextrose, lactose and sucrose fermentation and hydrogen sulphide production.

Acetobacter Agar (Mannitol) is recommended for maintenance of mannitol positive Acetobacter species. Application: Used as a Maintenance Medium For Mannitol Positive Acetobacter Species Appearance: Cream to yellow homogeneous free flowing powder Gelling: firm, comparable with 1.5% agar gel …

MacConkey Agar is recommended for isolation, identification and enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus and Faecal Streptococci.(1)MacConkey Agar is the earliest selective and differential medium for cultivation of enteric microorganisms from a variety of clinical specimens (2,3). Subsequently…

Czapek yeast extract agar is recommended for the cultivation and maintenance of Aspergillus niger i.e Aspergillus brasiliensis. This medium supports the abundant growth of almost all saprophytic Aspergilli. Application: For Laboratory Chemicals, Analytical Purpose, Biochemical Analysis …

Agar used for the determination of plate counts of microorganisms in foods, water and wastewater.

Bile Esculin Azide Agar is recommended for selective isolation and presumptive identification of faecal Streptococci. Bile and sodium azide inhibits other accompanying bacteria. Esculetin gives a dark brown or black complex which forms a zone of black precipitate around the colonies. Appearance:…