An internal standard for the quantification of PGE2 by GC- or LC-MS.

An internal standard for the quantification of arachidonic acid by GC- or LC-MS.

8-iso PGF2β is an isomer of PGF2α with a non-enzymatic, non-cyclooxygenase origin. It is one of 64 possible isomers of PGF2α which can be produced by free radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid. 8-iso PGF2β exhibits very weak contraction of human umbilical vein artery and…

13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF1α is a metabolite of PGF1α that has been reported in the rat stomach. The measurement of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF1α can be used as a marker of the in vivo production of PGF1α.

An internal standard for the quantification of 5-POHSA by GC- or LC-MS.

20-ethyl PGE2 is an analog of PGE2 in which the ω-chain has been extended by the addition of two methylene carbon atoms. The only well studied prostaglandin analog with this structural feature is unoprostone, an F-series prostaglandin that is clinically approved as a glaucoma medication.…

Contains four deuterium atoms at the 3', 3', 4', and 4' positions; is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tafluprost by GC-or LC-mass spectrometry.

Iloprost is a second generation structural analog of prostacyclin (PGI) with about ten-fold greater potency than the first generation stable analogs, typified by carbaprostacyclin. Iloprost binds with equal affinity to the human recombinant IP and EP1 receptors with a Ki of 11 nM. Iloprost…

A plant growth regulator that activates various signal transduction pathways with both growth promoting and inhibitory functions, perhaps in response to stress; initially synthesized as (+)7-epi jasmonic acid, a more active and biologically relevant form of the hormone, but quickly epimerizes to…

17-phenyl trinor PGA2 is a synthetic prostaglandin analog designed for increased half-life and greater potency. There are no published reports of the biological activity of 17-phenyl trinor PGA2 in the literature at this time.

An isomer of 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α, characterized by an inverted (β) hydroxyl group at C-15.

A competitive inhibitor of 15-hydroxy PGDH; acts as an agonist on most EP receptor subtypes (Kd d~ 1 nM for isolated EP2 receptors); preserves the self-renewal properties while preventing the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells during expansion in culture.

Misoprostol is a widely sold analog of PGE1 which has potent but relatively non-selective agonist activity with respect to the prostanoid EP receptor subgroup. Misoprostol has been used therapeutically for many years in humans for the treatment of gastric ulcer disease under the Searle tradename…

11β-PGE2 is the C-11 epimer of PGE2. It is a moderate inhibitor of PGE2 binding to rat hypothalamic membranes with a Ki value of 53 nM. 11β-PGE2 also stimulates bone resorption in rats at concentrations of 10-8 to 10-6 M which is similar to PGE2. 11β-PGE2 inhibits PGE2 binding to the…

16,16-dimethyl PGF2β is a metabolically stable analog of PGF2β. It prevents bronchospasm in asthmatics but is less potent than PGE2.

A potential metabolite of 8-iso PGF2β via the 15-hydroxy PGDH pathway.

Butaprost is a structural analog of PGE2 with good selectivity for the EP2 receptor subtype. Butaprost has frequently been used to pharmacologically define the EP receptor expression profile of various human and animal tissues and cells. Serious confusion as to the structure of Butaprost was…

A dehydration product of PGD2 formed by the elimination of the C-9 hydroxyl group; inhibits platelet aggregation (IC₅₀ ~ 5-10 nM); has antimitotic and antiproliferative effects on a variety of cultured normal cells and tumor cell lines.

A number of 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α derivatives have been approved for the treatment of glaucoma. Of these, the ones wherein the 13,14-double bond has been hydrogenated retain relatively good potency, but show a significantly reduced incidence of local irritant side effects.…

An internal standard for quantification of 13,14-dihydro-15 (R,S)-hydroxy-16,16-difluoro-Prostaglandin E1, a metabolite of a bicyclic PGE1 derivative used in the treatment of chronic constipation, by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry (MS).

A lipid peroxidation product; actively modifies histidine and lysine residues on proteins and causes protein cross-linking.

PGF2α 1,11-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2α. Hydrolysis of the lactone by plasma esterases readily produces free PGF2α in rats and monkeys, but not in humans. PGF2α 1,11-lactone is active as an antifertility agent with greatly reduced vasoactivity compared…

An F-series PG analog in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been modified to an N-diethyl amide; dialkyl amides such as a 17-p-PGF2α-NEt2 are inert to corneal amidase activity, and are not converted in any detectable amount to the corresponding free acids.

PGF2α-NEt is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been modified to an N-ethyl amide. PG esters have been shown to have ocular hypotensive activity. PG N-ethyl amides were recently introduced as alternative prostaglandin ocular hypotensive prodrugs. Although it has been…

The physiological actions of PGD2 include regulation of sleep, lowering of body temperature, inhibition of platelet aggregation and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. PGD2 mediates its effects by 2 distinct G-protein-coupled receptors, DP1 and CRTH2/DP2. 15(R)-15-methyl PGD2 is a potent,…

An organophosphorus ester that antagonizes the CB1 receptor and inhibits FAAH with similar potencies (IC50s = 2 nM).

A stable, cell-permeable form of α-ketoglutarate which accumulates rapidly and preferentially in cells with a dysfunctional TCA cycle; stimulates PHD activity and increases HIF-1α turnover when used at 1 mM; competitively blocks succinate- or fumarate-mediated inhibition of PHD.

A metabolite of PGD2 via the 15-hydroxy PGDH pathway.

A synthetic PGA1 analog with structural features similar to 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2, a ligand for PPARγ.

A synthetic analog of PGF2β.

An analog of latanoprost in which the hydroxyl at C-15 is inverted relative to latanoprost; binds to the FP receptor in the cat iris sphincter muscle with an IC₅₀ value of 24 µM (tested as the free acid); potential impurity in latanoprost bulk drug preparations.

15(R)-PGF2α is the C-15 epimer of the naturally occurring mammalian autacoid PGF2α. It has only 25% of the potency of PGF2α in hamster antifertility studies, which may be due to reduced affinity for FP receptors. Compared to PGF2α, 15(R)-PGF2α has a binding affinity of…