BD-4, rat: Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. They are 2-6 kDa proteins and take important roles in innate immune system. On the basis of their size and pattern of…

EPO, human: Human Erythropoietin Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein produced primarily by the kidney, is the principal factor that regulates erythropoiesis by stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. The production of EPO by kidney cells is increased in…

SDF-1 beta, CXCL12, murine (mouse): Mouse SDF-1beta / CXCL12 SDF-1α and SDF-1β, members of the chemokine α subfamily that lack the ELR domain, were initially identified using the signal sequence trap cloning strategy from a mouse bone-marrow stromal cell line. These proteins were…

MIP-1 beta, CCL4, rat: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 encoded by the CCL4 gene, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) is a CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 receptors and it is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T cells. In addition, it is a…

FGF-basic, Fibroblast Growth Factor-basic, human: Human Fibroblast Growth Factor-basic FGF basic (FGF-2, HBGF-2) is one of at least 22 mitogenic proteins of the FGF family, which show 35 - 60% amino acid conservation. Unlike other FGFs, FGF acidic and basic lack signal peptides and are…

IL-36 beta (183 a.a.), murine (mouse): Interleukin-36 (IL-36) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of several diseases. IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ (formerly IL-1F6, IL-1F8, and IL-1F9) are IL-1 family members that signal through…

MIP-1 beta, CCL4, murine (mouse): Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, also known as Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) is a CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 receptors and it is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T cells. In addition, it is a monokine with…

IL-1 beta, Interleukin-1 beta, porcine: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a non-secreted proinflammatory cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages, as well as neutrophils, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. It possesses metabolic, physiological, haematopoietic activities, and…

TNF alpha, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, human: Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), also called cachectic, is produced by neutrophils, activated lymphocytes, macrophages, NK cells, LAK cells, astrocytes endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and some…

GM-CSF, Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor, murine (mouse): Mouse GM-CSF GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocytemacrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil…

FGF-10, Fibroblast Growth Factor-10, human: KGF-2(also known as FGF-10) was originally identified from rat embryos by homology-based polymerase chain reaction. Human and mouse KGF-2 were subsequently cloned. The human KGF-2 cDNA encodes a 208 amino acid residue protein with a hydrophobic…

NOGGIN, human: Human NOGGIN  Noggin belongs to a group of diffusible proteins which bind to ligands of the TGF-β family and regulate their activity by inhibiting their access to signaling receptors. Noggin was originally identified as a BMP-4 antagonist whose action is critical for…

IL-3, Interleukin-3, murine (mouse): Murine Interleukin-3 IL-3 is a hematopoietic growth factor that promotes the survival, differentiation, and proliferation of committed progenitor cells of the megakaryocyte, granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, eosinophil, basophil and mast cell lineages.…

GMF beta, Glia Maturation Factor beta, murine (mouse): The glia maturation factor beta belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family, GMF subfamily. It contains an ADF-H domain, but the research of crystallography and NMR reveals that there are structures different between human and mouse…

IL-3 beta, Interleukin-3-beta, rat: Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a hematopoietic growth factor that promotes the survival, differentiation, and proliferation of committed progenitor cells of the megakaryocyte, granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, eosinophil, basophil and mast cell lineages. Produced…

sCD40 Ligand, TRAP, rHusCD40L, human: CD40 ligand, CD40L (also known as CD154, TRAP or gp39), is a 261 amino acid type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TNF family, CD40L is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, and also found in other types of cells, like NK cells,…

IFN omega, human: Interferon-Omega (IFN-ω) coded by IFNW1 gene in human, is a number of the type I interferon family, which includes IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-ω. The IFNAR-1/IFNAR-2 receptor complex can help with the signal transduction, followed the antiviral or the…

SDF-1 alpha, CXCL12, human: SDF-1α and SDF-1β, members of the chemokine α subfamily that lack the ELR domain, were initially identified using the signal sequence trap cloning strategy from a mouse bone-marrow stromal cell line. These proteins were subsequently also cloned from…

MIP-2, CXCL2, murine (mouse): Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 2 (MIP-2) was originally identified as a heparin binding protein secreted from a murine macrophage cell line in response to endotoxin stimulation. Based on its protein and DNA sequences, MIP-2 is a member of the alpha (CXC)…

VEGF165, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 165, murine (mouse): VEGF was initially purified from media conditioned by normal bovine pituitary folliculo-stellate cells and by a variety of transformed cell lines as a mitogen specific for vascular endothelial cells. It was subsequently found to…

G-CSF, murine (mouse): Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine. It is mainly produced by monocytes and macrophages upon activation by endotoxin, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Besides, many other cell types can secret this protein after LPS, IL-1 or TNF-α…

EGF, Epidermal Growth Factor, human: Human Epidermal Growth Factor  EGF was originally discovered in crude preparations of nerve growth factor prepared from mouse submaxillary glands as an activity that induced early eyelid opening, incisor eruption, hair growth inhibition, and stunting…

IL-1 beta, InterleukinIL-1 beta, equine: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) is a non-secreted proinflammatory cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages, as well as neutrophils, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. It possesses metabolic, physiological, haematopoietic activities, and plays one…

GMF beta, Glia Maturation Factor beta, human: GMF-β, a brain-specific protein that belongs to the actin-binding proteins (ADF) structural family. GMF-β appears to play a role in the differentiation, maintenance, and regeneration of the nervous system. It also supports the…

IGF-1, N15 labeled, human: The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) belonged to the insulin gene family, are mitogenic polypeptide growth factors that stimulate the proliferation and survival of various cell types including muscle, bone, and cartilage tissue in vitro. The IGFs are similar by…

IP-10, CXCL10, human: IP-10 was originally identified as an IFN-γ-inducible gene in monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. It has since been shown that IP-10 mRNA is also induced by LPS, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12 and viruses. Additional cell types that have been shown…

BMP-4, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4, human: Human BMP-4 is one of at least 15 structurally and functionally related BMPs, which are members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. BMPs were originally identified as protein regulators of cartilage and bone formation.…

IL-3, Interleukin-3, human: Human Interleukin-3 Interleukin 3 is a pleiotropic factor produced primarily by activated T cells that can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells as well as various lineage committed progenitors. In addition, IL-3…

GMF beta, rat: Glia Maturation Factor beta (GMF-β), a brain-specific protein that belongs to the actin-binding proteins (ADF) structural family. GMF-β appears to play a role in the differentiation, maintenance, and regeneration of the nervous system. It also supports the…

MIF, Migration Inhibitor Factor, human: Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is a secreted protein without a cleavable signal sequence and is secreted via a specialized, non-classical pathway. It is secreted by macrophages upon stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or by M.…

IL-1 beta, Interleukin-1 beta, human: Human Interleukin-1 beta  IL-1 beta is a proinflammatory cytokine produced in a variety of cells including monocytes, tissue macrophages, keratinocytes and other epithelial cells. Both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta binds to the same receptor and has…

IFN beta 1b, Interferon beta 1b, human: Human Interferon-β  Interferon-beta is one of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactivated virus or by double-stranded RNA. It is a cytokine with antiviral, antiproliferative, and…