Caffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid found in coffee, argan oil, Eucaplyptus, Salvinia, and Phellinus; it exhibits antioxidative, anti-diabetic, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic, and anticancer activities. Caffeic acid inhibits activity of a-amylase and a-glucosidase. This compound…

Carbenoxolone is a synthetic derivative of glycyrrhizin that exhibits anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory, neuromodulatory, neuroprotective, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, and immunosuppressive activities. Carbenoxolone is clinically used to treat ulcers and inflammation; it inhibits…

Candesartan is an inhibitor of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) that displays antihypertensive, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and potentially antiviral activities. In vivo, candesartan increases renal blood blow and decreases renal vascular resistance, glomerular filtration rate, and…

Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin (vitamin B7) that may be found in many foods but is also administered as a dietary supplement. Biotin is a coenzyme involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine; it also plays a role in gluconeogenesis. Biotin may be found attached to lysine…

Chrysin is a flavone/flavonoid initially found in Passiflora, Oroxylum, and Pleurotis; it is also a byproduct found in propolis. Chrysin exhibits anti-estrogenic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, antioxidative, anti-metastatic, anticancer chemotherapeutic, and…

Cysteine conjugate of benzyl isothiocyanate, N-dimethylnitrosamine demethylase inhibitor. It induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and inhibits cell growth in leukemia cells. Grade: ≥98

Aprotinin is a polypeptide that exhibits anti-fibrinolytic (pro-coagulant) activity. Aprotinin inhibits serine proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, and kallikrein. Inhibiting these proteases prevents formation of Factor XIIa and prevents breakdown of blood clots. Aprotinin is…

Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone originally found in Artemisia (wormwood); it is clinically used to treat malaria. Artemisinin exhibits anti-parasitic, antimalarial, cardioprotective, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. This compound inhibits growth of Plasmodium. In animal models…

Alloxan is an oxygenated pyrimidine and toxic analog of glucose. Alloxan destroys ß cells and is used in research models to induce diabetes. This compound does not affect human cells.

Canthaxanthin is a carotenoid terpene pigment initially found in various sources including plants and fish. Canthaxanthin exhibits immunostimulatory, antioxidative, and chemopreventive activities; it does not display any vitamin A activity. In vivo, canthaxanthin increases cell-mediated and humoral…

Borrelidin is a macrolide antibiotic initially produced by Streptomyces. Borrelidin exhibits anti-parasitic, antifungal, anticancer, and anti-angiogenic activities. This compound inhibits threonyl-tRNA synthetase/ligase, inhibiting growth and survival of Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, and Phytophthora.…

Chrysophanol is an anthraquinone originally found in species of Rheum. Chrysophanol exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibiotic, and anticancer activities. In animal models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, chrysophanol inhibits activation of the NALP3 inflammasome, ameliorating…

Bleomycin A5 is an anticancer chemotherapeutic that binds DNA and induces DNA cleavage and strand breaks; it is highly toxic. Bleomycin is clinically used to treat lymphomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and testicular cancer. Additionally, this compound induces apoptosis, alters cell cycle…

Acivicin is a fermentation product of Streptomyces; it is a glutamine analog. Acivicin inhibits ?-glutamyl transferase, CTP synthetase, GMP synthetase, and FGAM synthetase, preventing purine synthesis. Acivicin exhibits anticancer and antifungal activity, although its potential chemotherapeutic…

4-Bromoflavone displays antioxidative and chemopreventive activities. 4-Bromoflavone activates Nrf2-Keap1-ARE complex signaling and also induces quinone reductase and other phase II enzymes. Additionally, this compound prevents the development of mammary tumors, increasing tumor latency in vivo.

Cetirizine is a second generation antihistamine that exhibits anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-allergic activities. Cetirizine inhibits histamine H1 receptors and is used to treat dermatitis in clinical settings. In vitro, cetirizine inhib Grade: ≥99%

Alendronate is a second generation bisphosphonate that exhibits anti-resorptive, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities. Alendronate inhibits bone resorption but does not have any effects on bone mineralization; it also inhibits osteoclast formation and…

Celecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits COX-2; it exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer, and anti-metastatic activities. Celecoxib is clinically used to treat arthritis, acute pain, and ankylosing spondylitis. In hepatoma cells, celecoxib decreases the…

Azithromycin is an azalide macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin. Azithromycin binds the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein translation. Azithromycin displays antibacterial, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In epithelial cells, azithromycin inhibits the…

Cembrenediols are diterpenes originally found in Anisomeles. These compounds exhibit antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium and antifungal activity against Colletotrichum. Grade: ≥98%

Caspofungin acetate is a lipopeptide antifungal that inhibits the enzyme 1,3-ß-Glucan synthase, which synthesizes ß-glucan polymers that form fungal cell walls. Caspofungin acetate is active against a variety of Aspergillus and Candida species and unlike many antifungals, is not metabolized by the…

Atorvastatin exhibits anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and cardioprotective activities. Atorvastatin acts as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, preventing cholesterol synthesis and decreasing levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL and increasing levels of HDL. In…

Budesonide is a corticosteroid with strong glucocorticoid and weak mineralocorticoid characteristics. Budesonide exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-asthma activities and is used clinically to treat Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder…

Ascorbyl palmitate is a fat-soluble vitamin C derivative that is commercially used as a vitamin C supplement and antioxidative food additive; it is also used in research models to aid in drug delivery or tissue targeting. Ascorbyl palmitate is the ester of ascorbic acid and palmitic acid. In…

Actinonin is an inhibitor of peptide deformylase, matrix metalloproteinase meprin A, and aminopeptidase N (CD13). Actinonin exhibits anticancer, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and nephroprotective activities. In Burkitt’s lymphoma cells, actinonin inhibits mitochondrial protein translation,…

Azelastine is a second generation antihistamine that inhibits H1 histamine receptors. Azelastine exhibits anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tussive activities and is clinically used to treat allergic rhinitis. Azelastine activates transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels,…

Bakuchiol is a prenylated phenolic terpene originally sourced from many plants, including Psoralea coryfolia. Bakuchiol exhibits estrogenic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-fibrotic activities. Bakuchiol activates estrogen receptors, displaying…

Trans-anethole is a phenylpropene derivative found in many essential oils, including anise oil. Trans-anethole is commercially used as an insecticide and flavorant. This compound exhibits neuromodulatory, anxiolytic, antioxidative, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities.…

Agomelatine is a melatonin MT1/2 receptor activator that also inhibits 5-HT2C receptors. Agomelatine displays antidepressant, anxiolytic, and hypnotic characteristics and is currently being examined as a marketable antidepressant. Agomelatine improves

Biochanin A is an isoflavone/flavonoid found in plants in the Fabaceae family, such as clover, soy, and alfalfa. Biochanin A exhibits anticancer, anti-metastatic, estrogenic, neuroprotective, anti-osteoporotic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Biochanin A may activate PPARa and PPAR?.…