Produced in fungi, including yeast, and invertebrates from ergosterol in response to ultraviolet radiation; metabolized first to 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and subsequently to the active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2.

A flavonoid compound found in the bark and rinds of many plants and fruits.

A dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel antagonist that displays antihypertensive and antianginal activity; selectively inhibits adenosine A3 receptors (Ki = 3.25 µM) and CYP3A4 catalytic activity (IC₅₀ = 0.148 µM); activates TRPA1 channels, producing an increase in Ca2+…

An agonist of α2 adrenergic receptors (Ki = 194 nM); used for sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia in non-human mammals.

A central nervous system modulator that is used to experimentally induce seizures in animals; used extensively to screen for compounds that block the production of nonconvulsive (absence or myoclonic) seizures.

A pyrimadine analog that irreversibly inhibits thymidylate synthase, blocking the synthesis of thymidine which is required for DNA synthesis; widely used to treat many gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinomas.

An NSAID that acts as a COX-2 inhibitor (IC₅₀s = 20 and 322 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively).

An antimalarial drug used in the treatment of persistent liver forms of P. vivax or P. ovale infection for its ability to kill late-stage gametocytes and hypnozoites.

A selective agonist of GABAB (IC₅₀ = 200 nM); causes skeletal muscle relaxation and blocks spasticity.

A centrally acting M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist (Ki = 0.59 nM in rat) that also inhibits dopamine uptake through the dopamine transporter (Ki = 160 nM); used in the management of Parkinson’s disease symptoms to address involuntary tremor and dystonia.

A natural neurotransmitter that is activates adrenoceptors (Kis = 15, 735, and 3,970 nM for α1A-, β2-, and β1-adrenergic receptors, respectively); may induce either contraction or relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, depending on adrenoceptor subtype expression.

5-Chloroesorcinol dimethyl ether is a synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

Ketorolac is a non-selective COX inhibitor. The IC₅₀ values for human recombinant COX-1 and -2 are 31.5 µM and 60.5 µM, respectively.

A polypeptide antibiotic effective against Gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae.

An intermediate form of vitamin D which is obtained from dietary sources, such as fish, or through the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol by ultraviolet light; metabolized to the active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by CYP450 isoforms in the liver.

An irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial Complex II succinate dehydrogenase, resulting in energy depletion through disruption of the electron transport chain; used in animal models of Huntington’s disease and epilepsy.