An antifungal agent that acts as an inverse agonist to disrupt Hh signaling (IC₅₀ = 0.8 μM); treatment at 100 mg/kg twice per day has been shown to suppress the growth of medulloblastomas from a Ptch+/-p53-/- mouse allograft model.

A natural alkaloid with antiviral properties, inhibiting the replication of hepatitis B alone and in combination with lamivudine; prevents fibrosis in a number of organs including liver, at least in part by interfering with TGF-β signaling.

8-hydroxy Guanine is produced by oxidative damage of DNA or RNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite. It serves as a measure of oxidative stress in biological systems.

An irreversible, noncompetitive inhibitor of PARP1 that disrupts binding between PARP1 and DNA by interacting with the DNA binding domain; produces rapid apoptosis in the various cancer cell (IC50s = 40-128 μM).

A metabolite of dimetridazole, the nitroimidazole-based antibacterial and anticoccidial agent suspected to be carcinogenic and mutagenic to humans.

An analog of trimethoxy resveratrol; inhibits the growth of a variety of human tumor cell lines at concentrations form 0.4 to 2 µg/ml, which is 5-6 times more potent than resveratrol

An unsaturated fatty acid found in royal jelly produced from honeybees; demonstrates longevity-promoting effects in C. elegans, down regulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in rheumatoid arthritis, inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis in HUVECs, facilitates differentiation of neurons from neural…

A major organic tracer generated by burned cellulose; used to evaluate, in atmospheric samples, the burning of wood.

An intermediate in several metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

An antibacterial and coccidiostat compound that shows selective toxicity for HMLER breast cancer stem cells (IC₅₀ = ~24 μM); 8 μM treatment of 4T1 and MCF-7-Ras breast cancer cell lines decreases cancer stem cell growth ~2-fold and ~3-fold, respectively; 5 mg/kg inhibits mammary…

An acylated amino acid that is used as a urinary biomarker for several indications; increased urinary excretion is indicative of MCAD deficiency; can also be used as a biomarker for exposure to gamma radiation.

A salen-manganese complex with catalase and SOD mimetic activity.

An isoflavonoid phytoestrogenic compound found in soybeans, pea pods, clover, kudzu, and other legumes.

A racemic mixture of D- and L-phosphinothricin, used as the active ingredient in broad spectrum herbicides; also used, with the bar gene, which encodes phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, for selection during genetic engineering in plants.

Can be formed by the dimerization of two molecules of α-trans-cinnamic acid; significantly blocks inflammatory pain while having little effect on neurogenic pain, as indicated by the formalin test in mice.

An imidazotetrazine that is converted to a compound capable of alkylating DNA, thus interfering with DNA replication and leading to cytotoxicity in proliferating cells; rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier.

A potent disruptor of microtubules used as a chemotherapeutic compound; inhibits growth of cervical (HeLa), lung (A549), breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), ovarian (OVG-1), and pancreatic (PC-Sh) carcinomas with IC50 values ranging from 2.5-7.5 nM; induces mitotic arrest and initiates apoptosis of…

A prodrug for A-771726 that regulates T lymphocyte progression through the cell cycle by selectively inhibiting de novo pyrimidine synthesis; used to slow the disease progression of rheumatoid arthritis and as an immunosuppressive agent to prevent rejection of transplant allografts and xenografts.

An intravenous β-lactam antibiotic that is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs range from 0.008-0.13 µg/ml); highly resistant to degradation by β-lactamases.

An N-acylethanolamide that inhibits dietary-restriction-induced lifespan extension in wild type and TOR pathway mutant nematodes; also has anti-inflammatory properties, suppressing the expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide.

A second generation antiepileptic compound used to prevent convulsions in a variety of settings; binds the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A (pIC₅₀ = 5.7), presumably altering vesicle exocytosis; alters the metabolism and turnover of GABA.

A conjugate of biotin and lysine used for derivatization or conjugation to proteins and other molecules with a medium-chain length spacer; also used as an anterograde, retrograde, or intracellular neuroanatomical tracer that is fixable with aldehyde-based fixatives.

An imidazobenzodiazepine derivative that competitively inhibits benzodiazepine binding to GABAA receptors (IC₅₀ = 2 nM); used to reverse sedation induced by benzodiazepine drugs and is effective in the treatment of benzodiazepine overdose or withdrawal.

A DNA alkylating agents that induces DNA interstrand and intrastrand crosslinks, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis; inhibits the growth of PC-3 prostate cancer cells with IC₅₀ values of 0.074 or 0.77 μM for sequential dosing or single dosing, respectively.

Ameliorates depression, reduces dopamine-induced neurotoxicity, and attenuates damage in a model of stroke; blocks autophagy, reduces inflammation, and inhibits apoptosis in isolated neurons and in brains; induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells.

An agonist of the Gαi-linked dopamine receptors D2, D3, and D4 (Ki = 3.9, 2.2, 0.5, and 5.1 nM for D2S, D2L, D3, and D4, respectively); relatively inactive at the Gαs-linked dopamine receptors D1 and D5, as well as at serotonin and adrenergic receptors.

A reversible inhibitor of cysteine, serine, and threonine proteases; inhibits cathepsin B (Ki = 6 nM), calpain (Ki = 10 nM), trypsin (Ki = 35 nM), plasmin (Ki = 3.4 μM), and kallikrein (Ki = 19 μM), and has no effect against chymotrypsin, elastase, renin, or pepsin.

Pargyline is an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) that is used clinically to treat moderate hypertension. At 10 mg/kg iv, pargyline induces a moderate decrease of systolic blood pressure in unanaesthetized hypertensive rats but not normotensive WKR or Sprague-Daley rats. The…

A catatoxic steroid that acts as an agonist of the rodent PXR at µM concentrations; mediates induction of hepatic CYP3A, Oatp2, and Cyp7a1, regulating both xenobiotic and bile acid homeostasis.

A fluorescent probe commonly used to identify dead cells; excitation at 488-535 nm and emission maximum of 617 nm.

A potent inhibitor of iNOS (IC₅₀ = 0.20 μM), with over 1,000-fold selectivity compared to eNOS (IC₅₀ = 350 μM).

A natural triterpene which stimulates wound healing; induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells (IC50 = 5.9 µM for MCF-7 cells); blocks angiogenesis in glioblastomas; down regulates BACE1 while increasing ADAM10 maturation in primary rat cortical neurons; protects against…