ApNA is one of several nitroaniline fatty acid amides which can be used to measure FAAH activity. FAAH is a relatively unselective enzyme in that it accepts a variety of amide head groups other than the ethanolamine of its nominal endogenous substrate AEA (Item No. 90050). It also will hydrolyze…

A broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by inducing miscoding; commonly used as a dominant selection antibiotic for genetically modified bacteria, yeasts, fungi, protozoa, plants, and mammalian cells.

A cell-permeable green fluorescent dye (excitation and emission maxima are 494 and 520 nm, respectively); used to analyze cell proliferation and track cell migration in vivo.

A glutamine analog that inhibits glutaminases (Ki = 6 µM) and other glutamine-utilizing enzymes, including cytidine triphosphate synthase.

A naturally-occurring amino acid which is a stable antioxidant; scavenges free radicals and oxidants, controls NF-κB activation, and inhibits inflammatory gene expression; blocks oxidative DNA damage and cell death.

A potent and selective AhR antagonist (Ki = 1.2 nM).

8-hydroxy Guanine is produced by oxidative damage of DNA or RNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite. It serves as a measure of oxidative stress in biological systems.

A fluorescent substrate for calpain and papain (excitation max: 360 nm; emission max: 460 nm) that is used for measuring the chymotrypsin-like peptidase activity of the 20S proteasome.

A potent, selective chemical probe for the methyl lysine reading function of L3MBTL3 (Kd = 120 nM; IC₅₀ = 40 nM) that competitively displaces mono- or dimethyl-lysine containing peptides.

A small molecule radiosensitizer that has proven to be an effective and nontoxic immunochemical hypoxia marker for human squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix, head and neck.

A dual purpose probe; a chemiluminescent probe that detects superoxide production by enzymatic and cellular sources; a fluorescent chloride-sensitive indicator, with fluorescence being quenched by chloride (excitation: 455 nm; emission: 505 nm).

An irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase that suppresses polyamine biosynthesis; displays antiangiogenic, cytostatic, and antiparasitic effects.

A selective small molecule activator of SIRT1 that is 1,000-fold more potent than resveratrol; improves insulin sensitivity, lowers plasma, glucose and increases mitochondrial capacity in diet-induced obese and diabetic leptin-deficient ob/ob mice after one week of treatment with an oral dose of…

An herbicide that is used to control a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic plants.

A lipoic acid analog that inhibits α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, particularly in tumor cells; induces a strong mitochondrial burst of reactive oxygen species at 60-240 µM, resulting in cell death; demonstrates both in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity.

An irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, a mitochondrial enzyme involved in fatty acid β-oxidation (IC50 = 5-20 nM in rat liver); also acts as a direct agonist of PPARα.

An analog of AEA that potentiates the activity of endogenous AEA by blocking its re-uptake into presynaptic neurons; selectively inhibits the carrier-mediated transport of AEA without affecting anandamide hydrolysis; inhibits the transport of AEA with an IC₅₀ value of 1 µM in rat…

A cell-permeable, stable free radical that is commonly used to evaluate the ability of compounds to act as free radical scavengers or hydrogen donors and to measure the antioxidant activity of tissue extracts; followed by color change from purple (absorbance at 515-528 nm) to yellow.

A cell permeable derivative of GSH that undergoes hydrolysis by intracellular esterases to release GSH; used to protect cells against damage from radiation, oxidants, and various toxic compounds including heavy metals.

A rotenoid compound with chemopreventive and chemosensitizing effects in models of skin, mammary, colon, and lung carcinogenesis; inhibits cell growth (IC50 = 8 M), blocks PI3K/Akt signaling, suppresses COX-2 expression, and induces apoptosis of premalignant and squamous HBE cells without affecting…

A catatoxic steroid that acts as an agonist of the rodent PXR at µM concentrations; mediates induction of hepatic CYP3A, Oatp2, and Cyp7a1, regulating both xenobiotic and bile acid homeostasis.

A partial receptor agonist of mGlu4, effective at 100 µM, with no activity at other mGlu receptor subtypes; induces apoptosis of T cells at 300-500 µM.

A dual inhibitor of COX and LOX pathways, that decreases levels of PGE2, LTB4, and lipoxins and prevents LPS-stimulated IL-1β expression.

A reversible, selective, allosteric antagonist of mGluR7 that blocks agonist-induced calcium mobilization (IC₅₀ = 26 nM).

FeTMPyP is a synthetic porphyrin complexed with iron, which acts as a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst. The rate constant for decomposition of peroxynitrite by FeTMPyP is 2.2 x 106 M−1s−1 with a turnover number of 360 ± 170 s−1. The predominant product (>90%) of this…

A nonpurine inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase (Ki = 0.7 nM) that has proven effective in lowering serum urate levels when administered to manage hyperuricemia in patients with gout.

A competitive, non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist (IC₅₀s = 0.3 and 1.5 μM for AMPA and kainate receptors, respectively, versus IC₅₀ = 25 μM for NMDA receptors).

An anionic oligopeptide-based bola-amphiphile that contains a hexane moiety flanked by a glycylglycine group at each end, which creates distinct hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

A lysyl amide prodrug of the benzothiazole 5-fluoro 203, a high affinity AhR ligand that elicits antitumor activity by inducing transcription of CYP1A1, which leads to the formation of DNA adducts and cell cycle arrest.

A dietary flavonoid which has diverse physiological activities through both direct and indirect effects; directly binds ERα and ERβ, acting as an inverse agonist or agonist; acts as an antioxidant; suppresses signaling through certain receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR and HGF.

DGLA is a metabolite produced by chain elongation of the essential fatty acid γ-linolenic acid. Ethyl DGLA is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble, but more ammenable for the formulation of DGLA-containing diets and dietary supplements. DGLA has been advanced as…

NAM is a potent, irreversible inhibitor of MAGL or MAGL-like activity in rat cerebellar membranes, exhibiting an IC50 value of 140 nM. Inhibition of MAGL by the sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group of NAM suggests a critical cysteine residue is present in the substrate-binding site of the enzyme.