A potent and selective AhR antagonist (Ki = 1.2 nM).

Phytochemical from cruciferous vegetables that demonstrates anticancer and chemopreventative effects (10-30 µM) involving the induction of Phase 2 enzymes, promotion of apoptosis, induction of cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell proliferation, and inhibition of histone deacetylases and DNA…

8-hydroxy Guanine is produced by oxidative damage of DNA or RNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite. It serves as a measure of oxidative stress in biological systems.

A small molecule radiosensitizer that has proven to be an effective and nontoxic immunochemical hypoxia marker for human squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix, head and neck.

A dual purpose probe; a chemiluminescent probe that detects superoxide production by enzymatic and cellular sources; a fluorescent chloride-sensitive indicator, with fluorescence being quenched by chloride (excitation: 455 nm; emission: 505 nm).

An irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase that suppresses polyamine biosynthesis; displays antiangiogenic, cytostatic, and antiparasitic effects.

An analog of AEA that potentiates the activity of endogenous AEA by blocking its re-uptake into presynaptic neurons; selectively inhibits the carrier-mediated transport of AEA without affecting anandamide hydrolysis; inhibits the transport of AEA with an IC₅₀ value of 1 µM in rat…

A cell-permeable, stable free radical that is commonly used to evaluate the ability of compounds to act as free radical scavengers or hydrogen donors and to measure the antioxidant activity of tissue extracts; followed by color change from purple (absorbance at 515-528 nm) to yellow.

A cell permeable derivative of GSH that undergoes hydrolysis by intracellular esterases to release GSH; used to protect cells against damage from radiation, oxidants, and various toxic compounds including heavy metals.

A catatoxic steroid that acts as an agonist of the rodent PXR at µM concentrations; mediates induction of hepatic CYP3A, Oatp2, and Cyp7a1, regulating both xenobiotic and bile acid homeostasis.

FeTMPyP is a synthetic porphyrin complexed with iron, which acts as a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst. The rate constant for decomposition of peroxynitrite by FeTMPyP is 2.2 x 106 M−1s−1 with a turnover number of 360 ± 170 s−1. The predominant product (>90%) of this…

An anionic oligopeptide-based bola-amphiphile that contains a hexane moiety flanked by a glycylglycine group at each end, which creates distinct hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

A potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 = 5 and 1 nM, respectively) but is less effective against the PARP tankyrase-1 (IC50 = 1.5 µM); can be used in cells and in animals, alone or in combination therapy with alkylating agents, to block BER and increase cancer cell death.

A dietary flavonoid which has diverse physiological activities through both direct and indirect effects; directly binds ERα and ERβ, acting as an inverse agonist or agonist; acts as an antioxidant; suppresses signaling through certain receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR and HGF.

A photoactivatable ribonucleoside analog that is widely used for RNA analysis, including short-range RNA-RNA crosslinking and nascent RNA labeling.

DGLA is a metabolite produced by chain elongation of the essential fatty acid γ-linolenic acid. Ethyl DGLA is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble, but more ammenable for the formulation of DGLA-containing diets and dietary supplements. DGLA has been advanced as…

A natural product which effectively kills malarial parasites of the genus Plasmodium (IC50 = 4.0 nM); also used against a wide range of trematodes, including Schistosoma; has potential applications in certain types of cancer and inflammatory conditions.

A potent disruptor of microtubules used as a chemotherapeutic compound; inhibits growth of cervical (HeLa), lung (A549), breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), ovarian (OVG-1), and pancreatic (PC-Sh) carcinomas with IC50 values ranging from 2.5-7.5 nM; induces mitotic arrest and initiates apoptosis of…

A natural benzoquinone which directly binds and inhibits XIAP (IC50 = 4.1 μM); blocks growth while activating caspases and promoting apoptosis in cancer cells expressing high levels of XIAP; prevents NF-κB activation by inhibiting IKK; protects against XIAP- and caspase-dependent inflammation.

A prodrug for A-771726 that regulates T lymphocyte progression through the cell cycle by selectively inhibiting de novo pyrimidine synthesis; used to slow the disease progression of rheumatoid arthritis and as an immunosuppressive agent to prevent rejection of transplant allografts and xenografts.

A side-chain substituted oxysterol derived from dietary cholesterol that inhibits the cleavage of SREBPs; has been implicated in a variety of metabolic events including cholesterol homeostasis and atherosclerosis as well as antitumor and immunomodulating activities.

An anti-inflammatory compound from the diaryl heterocycle class that selectively inhibits COX-2 (IC50s = 22.9 and 0.05 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively; displays chemopreventive activity in multiple tumor types via proapoptotic effects independent of its capacity to block COX-2.

A synthetic analog of 2'-deoxy-guanosine which is used to treat or prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections; inhibits the replication of human CMV with an IC₅₀ value of 0.01 μM and is effective against strains of CMV from human, monkey, mouse, and guinea pig.

An intermediate in the interconversion of glucose and galactose.

n-Triacontanol is a plant growth regulator found in the plant cuticle waxes and in beeswax as the palmitate ester. n-Triacontanol has been reported to have growth enhancing properties when applied to the leaves of growing plants.

A potent and selective PPARγ ligand. It binds to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain with a Kd value of 43 nM.

A metabolite of dimetridazole, the nitroimidazole-based antibacterial and anticoccidial agent suspected to be carcinogenic and mutagenic to humans.

EPA is an ω-3 fatty acid abundantly available in marine organisms. It is a poor substrate for COX-1. EPA has been shown to offer protection against coronary heart disease, thrombosis, ischemic brain injury, scaly dermatitis, and some inflammatory diseases.

A broad spectrum, orally available kinase inhibitor that targets primarily tyrosine kinases, including VEGFR and EGFR, with IC₅₀ values in the nanomolar range; also potently blocks non-receptor tyrosine kinases, including ABL, RET, and SRC, as well as several serine/threonine kinases.

A potent, stable, and selective agonist analog of AEA with a Ki value of 2.2 nM at the isolated rat CB1 receptor; 325 times more potent at the CB1 receptor compared with the CB2 receptor; induces hypothermia in mice with the same efficacy as AEA, in spite of its much higher affinity for the CB1…

A required cofactor for many enzymes including all NOS isoforms.

A steroid hormone produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands that binds to both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors; also is the precursor to aldosterone synthesis.