An antimycotic prodrug that is converted by cytosine deaminase to 5-fluorouracil, a cytotoxic drug that inhibits viral infections and has cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.

An aminocyclitol antibiotic active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and interfering with peptidyl tRNA translocation.

Urinary metabolite of leucine that is used as a diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of various acidemias and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation defects.

An enzyme substrate for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways; metabolized to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase during glycolysis; formed from phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-catalyzed oxaloacetate decarboxylation during gluconeogenesis.

A polysaccharide made of α-D-glucose units that constitutes about 20% of starch; acts as an indicator, turning blue in the presence of iodine, and has also been coupled to magnetic beads for the isolation and purification of maltose-binding protein fusion proteins.

A bacteriocin, a natural polycyclic antibacterial peptide, also called a lantibiotic; particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria and commonly used as a food preservative.

A third generation fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity; inhibits type II topoisomerases (IC₅₀s = 8.06 and 9.81 µg/ml for DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, respectively).

A synthetic antibiotic that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), with prominent selectivity for bacterial DHFR over mammalian DHFR (IC₅₀s = 5 and 30,000 nM, respectively); commonly used in combination with sulfamethoxazole to minimize acquired resistance.

A pyrimadine analog that irreversibly inhibits thymidylate synthase, blocking the synthesis of thymidine which is required for DNA synthesis; widely used to treat many gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinomas.

A thio analog of the purine base guanine that incorporates into DNA during replication, inducing double-strand breaks that destabilize its structure and result in cytotoxicity; used as a chemotherapeutic for acute leukemia and other types of cancer, including BRCA2-mutated tumors.

A cyclic oligosaccharide containing seven D-(+)-glucopyranose units that is widely used to improve the aqueous solubility of various compounds, especially those containing a phenyl group.

A red/orange-colored fat-soluble terpenoid with antioxidant properties; can be cleaved to produce vitamin A and retinoic acid.

An NSAID that non-selectively and reversibly inhibits both COX isoforms (IC₅₀ = 1.57 and 1.69 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively).

A polymer film used to manufacture high-performance membranes for dialysis, reverse osmosis, ion sensing, and separation; used in the production of photographic film and polarized film for liquid crystal displays.

A long-acting ascorbic acid derivative that stimulates collagen expression and formation and is used in human cell culture; included in media to enhance the survival of human embryonic stem cells or drive osteogenic differentiation in human adipose stem cells and in human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells.

A nonspecific, irreversible inhibitor of serine proteases and other enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase, palmityl coenzyme A deacylase, arylsulfatase A, chymotrypsin, and trypsin; also known to block anandamide metabolism, which produces CB effects in mice, including antinociception,…

A mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived from the stem and fruit of pineapple plants; studied for a number of potential beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, fibrinolytic, and anti-cancer functions.

A broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic used for parenteral administration.

An inhibitor of fibrinolysis that blocks the interaction of plasmin with fibrin (IC₅₀ = 3.1 µM).

DL-α-lipoic acid is a cyclic disulfide antioxidant that interconverts with its reduced dithiol form. It is an essential cofactor for decarboxylation reactions of the citric acid cycle, and acts as a general antioxidant.{12280,12281,12322} DL-α-lipoic acid can act as a direct radical…

An inhibitor of human recombinant PDE5 (IC₅₀ = 5.9 µM); used to treat erectile dysfunction and has been shown to have anti-cancer and antioxidant activity; induces differentiation of cardiomyocytes and increases the proliferation and differentiation of cultured human osteoblasts.

A non-ionic detergent commonly used to solubilize membrane-associated proteins; helps retain the native conformation and activity of membrane-associated proteins, and facilitates the reforming of these proteins after denaturation.

A low molecular weight nonionic detergent that is commonly used for cell lysis and non-denaturing protein solubilization.

A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of cholic acid with taurine that can be used to solubilize lipids and membrane-bound proteins.

An unsaturated fatty acid found in royal jelly produced from the hypopharyngeal and mandibular gland secretions of honeybees; isolated in conjunction with 10-HDA (Item No. 10976) and both demonstrate weak estrogenic activity, inhibiting binding of 17β-estradiol (Item No. ISO60155) to estrogen…

A natural agonist of the human sweet taste receptor and used as a flavorant; has diverse cellular effects at low doses, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral actions.

A triazole antifungal agent that is effective against most Candida strains.

A yellow breakdown product of heme catabolism, formed when heme is cleaved by heme oxygenase; has key roles as a free radical scavenger with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.

A mixture of trans (3R/7R and 3S/7S) isomers; induces the synthesis of proteinase inhibitors in plant leaves; in cancer cells, suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis; inhibits hexokinase that is bound to mitochondria; methyl jasmonate derivatives also have potential as anti-inflammatory agents.

A cell-permeable, fluorescent dye that accumulates in acidic organelles in a pH-dependent manner and is used for autophagy detection and cell cycle determination; emits green fluorescence (ex. max: 502 nm; ,em. max: 525 nm) at neutral pH or when bound to dsDNA and red fluorescence (ex. max: 460 nm;…

A tyrosine kinase inhibitor which acts on EGFR, inhibiting EGFR-associated kinase activity (IC50 = 2.5 µM) and tumor growth in human HN5 tumor xenografts in mice with an ED50 value of 9 mg/kg; drug form of Erlotinib, Tarceva™, is used to treat certain forms of cancer.

Induces protein expression where the gene is under the control of the lac operator by triggering transcription of the lac operon in cloning procedures.