Citrinin is a fungal metabolite found in moldy rice. Citrinin was used to evaluate toxicity of the mycotoxin citrinin using yeast ORF DNA microarray and Oligo DNA microarray.

Natural tomato lycopene is a mixture of isomers, primarily (all-E), but also some (5-Z) and two lesser and unidentified cis isomers, all of which are difficult to resolve by LC. Lycopene is an open chain unsaturated carotenoid that gives tomatoes, guava, rose hip, watermelon and pink grapefruit its…

Crocetin is a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid that is found in the crocus flower and Gardenia jasminoides. Crocetin was found to inhibit cell cycle progression at the G2-M phase and pancreatic tumor formation in nude mice. It has been shown to improve postshock recovery of cellular…

Bestatin is a dipeptide antitumor antibiotic. It shows no inhibition against aminopeptidase A, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, papain, pepsin or themolysin. Activates macrophages and T lymphocytes and also has antitumor properties. It binds to cell surfaces and is an inhibitor for aminopeptidase B…

Thapsigargin is a cell-permeable sesquiterpene lactone found in the roots of Thapsia garganica. It is a tumor promotor and induces the release of intracellular stored Ca2+ without hydrolysis of inositolphospholipids via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. Thapsigargin may be used…

Caerulein is a gastroregulatory molecule with actions similar to cholecystokinin. Product supplied as a trifluoroacetate salt. Caerulein is used to study cell signaling mediated by NF-kappaB upregulation of proteins such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and inflammation related…

Muscimol is a structural analog of γ-amino butyric acid. It functions as a GABA-agonist: a positive analog of the natural transmitter, which can activate GABA receptors in the brain. Muscimol is an isoxazole derivative occurring naturally in the mushroom Amanita muscaria. Muscimol has been…

Isodesmosine is prepared according to the method of Starcher, et al. from hdrolyzed bovine neck ligament by solvent extraction and chromatography on Dowex 50.

Chymostatin is a reversible protease inhibitor, inhibiting chymotrypsin, chymotrypsin-like serine proteases, chymases and lysosomal cysteine proteinases such as cathepsins B, H and L. It weakly inhibits human leucocyte elastase. It is effective at a final concentration of 100-200 ug/mL (10 to 100…

Forskolin is the major diterpene isolated from the Indian plant Coleus forskohlii. At low doses, forskolin is a positive inotropic agent in dogs, cats, spontaneously hypertensive and normal rats and in an isolated guinea pig heart (Langendorf) preparation. At higher doses, forskolin is a…

Desmosine is a tetrafunctional, pyridinium ring-containing amino acids involved in elastin cross-linking. A desmosine cross-link is formed from three allysyl side chains plus one unaltered lysyl side chain from the same or neighbouring polypeptides. Desmosine is responsible for the cross-linking…